An introduction to InP-based generic integration technology

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are considered as the way to make photonic systems or subsystems cheap and ubiquitous. PICs still are several orders of magnitude more expensive than their microelectronic counterparts, which has restricted their application to a few niche markets. Recently, a novel approach in photonic integration is emerging which will reduce the R&D and prototyping costs and the throughput time of PICs by more than an order of magnitude. It will bring the application of PICs that integrate complex and advanced photonic functionality on a single chip within reach for a large number of small and larger companies and initiate a breakthrough in the application of Photonic ICs. The paper explains the concept of generic photonic integration technology using the technology developed by the COBRA research institute of TU Eindhoven as an example, and it describes the current status and prospects of generic InP-based integration technology

An introduction to InP-based generic integration technology

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are considered as the way to make photonic systems or subsystems cheap and ubiquitous. PICs still are several orders of magnitude more expensive than their microelectronic counterparts, which has restricted their application to a few niche markets.Recently, a novel approach in photonic integration is emerging which will reduce the R&D and prototyping costs and the throughput time of PICs by more than an order of magnitude. It will bring the application of PICs that integrate complex and advanced photonic functionality on a single chip within reach for a large number of small and larger companies and initiate a breakthrough in the application of Photonic ICs. The paper explains the concept of generic photonic integration technology using the technology developed by the COBRA research institute of TU Eindhoven as an example, and it describes the current status and prospects of generic InP-based integration technology.Funding is acknowledged by the EU-projects ePIXnet, EuroPIC and PARADIGM and the Dutch projects NRC Photonics, MEMPHIS, IOP Photonic Devices and STW GTIP. Many others have contributed and the authors would like to thank other PARADIGM and EuroPIC partners for their help in discussions, particularly Michael Robertson (CIP).This is the final published version distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. It can also be viewed on the publisher's website at: http://iopscience.iop.org/0268-1242/29/8/08300

Real-Time User Localisation in Beam Steered NIR Optical Wireless Communications

Near infrared (NIR) optical wireless communication provides a promising solution for point-to-point indoor high speed wireless data link. To cover a large area and several multiple users, wavelength-encoded laser beam steering has been demonstrated in previous research work. One remaining challenge in beam steered optical wireless system is real-time user localization. In this paper, ultrafast complete user localization at update rate of 10 MHz based on instantaneous optical wavelength detection and chirped pulse correlation has been demonstrated. Both angular position and absolute distance of each user have been accurately detected

High Performance InP Photonic Integrated Circuits and Devices for Free Space Communications and Sensing

Communication needs have grown tremendously over the past few decades and will continue to increase in the future. In order to address these needs, 5G mobile communication systems are moving towards higher carrier frequencies in the millimeter wave (mmW) regime (30 – 300 GHz). Unlike traditional microwave frequencies, which have a relatively isotropic radiation pattern, the highly directional free space propagation characteristics of mmWs requires beemsteering and tracking between transmitters and receivers. One technology that is promising for future mobile communication systems is optical beam forming networks (OBFN). This technology uses photonic components to provide wide bandwidth and eliminate beam squint associated with RF methods to drive phased array antennas. The optical signals from the OBFN are down-converted using high speed photodiodes, which require high bandwidth, efficiency and RF output power. Here we present results on waveguide uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes integrated with mode converters for efficient coupling to a silicon nitride OBFN photonic integrated circuit (PIC). We demonstrate greater than 67 GHz bandwidth and extract efficiency limitations due to the space charge effect of the high carrier density under large optical input power.In addition to communication, highly directional beams can be used for free space sensors including LIDAR. While various frequency ranges provide benefits for specific applications, by increasing the frequency from the mmW regime to the near infrared (~193 THz), beam size can be further reduced to provide high resolution imaging and sensing. We present an indium phosphide transceiver PIC that incorporates a tunable laser, frequency discriminator, and receiver that can be used for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LIDAR when integrated with an optical phased array for 2D beamsteering. The transceiver provides wavelength tuning over 40 nm, a method for stabilizing the lasing frequency and imparting frequency modulation, and a balanced receiver for coherent detection. The components of the PIC will be discussed along with experimental verification of the functionality of this transceiver

In-Fibre Diffraction Grating for Beam Steering Indoor Optical Wireless Communication

In-fibre diffraction based on 45° tilted fibre grating enables high-efficiency wavelength-controlled laser beam steering for indoor optical wireless communication with unique features of low-loss and seamless integration with existing fibre-to-home networks. In addition, ultrafast user localization (50 million scans per second) based on real-time wavelength monitoring is demonstrated