212 research outputs found
Current status and future application of electrically controlled micro/nanorobots in biomedicine
Using micro/nanorobots (MNRs) for targeted therapy within the human body is an emerging research direction in biomedical science. These nanoscale to microscale miniature robots possess specificity and precision that are lacking in most traditional treatment modalities. Currently, research on electrically controlled micro/nanorobots is still in its early stages, with researchers primarily focusing on the fabrication and manipulation of these robots to meet complex clinical demands. This review aims to compare the fabrication, powering, and locomotion of various electrically controlled micro/nanorobots, and explore their advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications
Application of micro/nanorobot in medicine
The development of micro/nanorobots and their application in medical treatment holds the promise of revolutionizing disease diagnosis and treatment. In comparison to conventional diagnostic and treatment methods, micro/nanorobots exhibit immense potential due to their small size and the ability to penetrate deep tissues. However, the transition of this technology from the laboratory to clinical applications presents significant challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in micro/nanorobotics, encompassing biosensors, diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and minimally invasive surgery. It also addresses the key issues and challenges facing this technology. The fusion of micro/nanorobots with medical treatments is poised to have a profound impact on the future of medicine
Micro/nanoscale magnetic robots for biomedical applications
Magnetic small-scale robots are devices of great potential for the biomedical field because of the several benefits of this method of actuation. Recent work on the development of these devices has seen tremendous innovation and refinement toward โimproved performance for potential clinical applications. This review briefly details recent advancements in small-scale robots used for biomedical applications, covering their design, fabrication, applications, and demonstration of ability, and identifies the gap in studies and the difficulties that have persisted in the optimization of the use of these devices. In addition, alternative biomedical applications are also suggested for some of the technologies that show potential for other functions. This study concludes that although the field of small-scale robot research is highly innovative โthere is need for more concerted efforts to improve functionality and reliability of these devices particularly in clinical applications. Finally, further suggestions are made toward โthe achievement of commercialization for these devices
Programmable Control of Ultrasound Swarmbots through Reinforcement Learning
Powered by acoustics, existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures will
become less invasive and new methods will become available that have never been
available before. Acoustically driven microrobot navigation based on
microbubbles is a promising approach for targeted drug delivery. Previous
studies have used acoustic techniques to manipulate microbubbles in vitro and
in vivo for the delivery of drugs using minimally invasive procedures. Even
though many advanced capabilities and sophisticated control have been achieved
for acoustically powered microrobots, there remain many challenges that remain
to be solved. In order to develop the next generation of intelligent
micro/nanorobots, it is highly desirable to conduct accurate identification of
the micro-nanorobots and to control their dynamic motion autonomously. Here we
use reinforcement learning control strategies to learn the microrobot dynamics
and manipulate them through acoustic forces. The result demonstrated for the
first time autonomous acoustic navigation of microbubbles in a microfluidic
environment. Taking advantage of the benefit of the second radiation force,
microbubbles swarm to form a large swarm, which is then driven along the
desired trajectory. More than 100 thousand images were used for the training to
study the unexpected dynamics of microbubbles. As a result of this work, the
microrobots are validated to be controlled, illustrating a good level of
robustness and providing computational intelligence to the microrobots, which
enables them to navigate independently in an unstructured environment without
requiring outside assistance
Nanorobotics in Medicine: A Systematic Review of Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Nanorobotics offers an emerging frontier in biomedicine, holding the
potential to revolutionize diagnostic and therapeutic applications through its
unique capabilities in manipulating biological systems at the nanoscale.
Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted
using IEEE Xplore and PubMed databases, resulting in the identification and
analysis of a total of 414 papers. The studies were filtered to include only
those that addressed both nanorobotics and direct medical applications. Our
analysis traces the technology's evolution, highlighting its growing prominence
in medicine as evidenced by the increasing number of publications over time.
Applications ranged from targeted drug delivery and single-cell manipulation to
minimally invasive surgery and biosensing. Despite the promise, limitations
such as biocompatibility, precise control, and ethical concerns were also
identified. This review aims to offer a thorough overview of the state of
nanorobotics in medicine, drawing attention to current challenges and
opportunities, and providing directions for future research in this rapidly
advancing field
Natural Algae-Inspired Microrobots for Emerging Biomedical Applications and Beyond
Algae-inspired microrobots (AIMs) have attracted intense research over the past decade owing to the abundant desired properties of natural microalgae, such as biocompatibility, autofluorescence, and pharmaceutical activity, which make them ideal candidates for biomedical and related applications. With the deepening and widening of applied research, the functions of AIMs have been greatly enriched and enhanced to meet the needs of demanding application scenarios including targeted drug delivery, anticancer/antibacterial therapy, cell stimulation, wound healing, and biomolecule sensing. Notwithstanding, multiple challenges remain to be tackled for transformative advances and clinical translation. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey of representative advances in AIMs accompanied by the underlying biological/technological backgrounds. We also highlight existing issues that need to be overcome in AIM developments and suggest future research directions in this field.</p
๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์์ก์ ์ํ ๋ํฐ๋ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๊ณ๊ณตํ๊ณผ, 2021.8. ์์ฑํ.A micro-robot is an attractive tool that performs micro-scale tasks within the system by remote control. Most micro-robots are driven by an external force and its characteristic differs according to the type of the external force. Therefore, micro-robots have been developed to utilize the type of external force suitable for their respective application fields. Among various external forces, a light-driven micro-robot has superior controllability in terms of precision and regionality. Recently, lots of studies have been conducted on micro-robot for performing micro-scale tasks in bio-medical fields such as drug transport, surgery and diagnosis.
Especially in micro-object transportation, since sophisticated control is required, a light-driven micro-robot which has excellent controllability is advantageous. Micro-robots for transportation so far have focused on force, speed and control, but a few of them have a function of holding objects to avoid object loss.
Our micro-object transportation Ni-Ti structure robot(MTNs) not only has sufficient thrust force and speed but also has the capability of holding objects and physically separating them from external systems, thus demonstrating the advantage of excellent transport stability and controllability. It can be fabricated and controlled automatically by a vision-guided laser control system. In consideration of mass production, we designed the micro-robot so that the fabrication process has low cost in terms of time, price and labor, and can be operated by commercial equipment. The newly designed transport micro-robot, which displays holding capability and enhanced control, can be used as an actuator in lab-on-a-chip testing.๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ ์๊ฒฉ ์ ์ด๋ฅผ ํตํด ์์คํ
๋ด์์ ๋ฏธ์ธ์์
์ ์ํํ ์ ์๋ ๋๊ตฌ๋ก์จ, ์ฝ๋ฌผ ์์ก, ์์ , ์ง๋จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ฌผ ์ํ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ๋ง ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ ํตํด ์๋์ง๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ ๋ฐ๊ณ , ์ ์ด๋๋ฏ๋ก, ์ด์ฉํ๋ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ ์ข
๋ฅ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ ํน์ฑ์ด ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ค. ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ธ๋ ฅ ์ค ๊ด ๊ตฌ๋ํ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ ์ ๋ฐํ๊ณ ๊ตญ์์ ์ธ ์ ์ด๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๋ฅํ๋ค๋ ์ฅ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ์ ๊ตํ ์ ์ด๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ด๋ฐ ์์
์ ๊ด๊ตฌ๋ํ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ด ์ ํฉํ๋ค. ์ง๊ธ๊น์ง ์ด์ก์ฉ ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ ํ, ์๋ ๋ฐ ์ ์ด์ ์ค์ ์ ๋์์ง๋ง, ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์ ์ค์ ๋ฐฉ ์งํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ก๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ก๋ด์ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ๋ฐํ ๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์์ก Ni-Ti ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ถ์ง๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ด๋ฐ ๋ชฉํ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌํํ ์ํ๋ก ์ธ๋ถ ์์คํ
๊ณผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ ํ ์ํ๋ก ์ด๋ฐํ ์ ์๋ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ถ๊ณ ์์ด ์ฐ์ํ ์์ก ์์ ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ด ํธ์์ฑ ๋ฑ ์ด์ ์ ๋ณด์ธ๋ค.
๋ณธ ๋ก๋ด์ ๋น์ ์ ๋ ๋ ์ด์ ์ ์ด ์์คํ
์ ์ํด ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ ์์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅ ํ๋ค. ์์ฐ์ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ์์ฉ์ฅ๋น ๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ๊ณต์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ๊ฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋
ธ๋๋ ฅ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ์ ๋ ดํ๋๋ก ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก ๋ก๋ด์ ์ค๊ณํ์ ๋ค. ํฌํ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํฅ์๋ ์ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ณธ ๋ก๋ด์ ๋ฉ ์จ์ด ์นฉ ํ
์คํธ ์์ ์ก์ถ์์ดํฐ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Reviews on micro robots for bio-medical applications 1
1.2. Reviews on micro transportation 3
1.3. Reviews on micro robots using external forces 4
1.4. Reviews on light-driven Ni-Ti micro robots 5
1.5. Purpose of research 7
Chapter 2. Ni-Ti Unit 8
2.1. Actuation mechanism 8
2.2. Fabrication of Ni-Ti unit 10
Chapter 3. Fabrication process 11
3.1. Overview of fabrication process 11
3.2. Formation morphing control 13
3.2.1. Single unit control 13
3.2.2. Vision-guided laser control system 15
3.2.3. Control strategy 17
3.3. Bonding process 19
3.3.1. Adhesion applying using EHD 19
3.3.2. Adhesion applying using microstage 22
Chapter 4. Experiment and Application 23
4.1. Force measurement experiment 23
4.2. Energy efficiency comparison 25
4.3. Functionality of transportation 27
Chapter 5. Conclusion 29
Bibliography 30
Abstract in Korean 35์
Nanoarchitectonic Engineering of Thermal-Responsive Magnetic Nanorobot Collectives for Intracranial Aneurysm Therapy
Stent-assisted coiling is a main treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in clinics, but critical challenges remain to be overcome, such as exogenous implant-induced stenosis and reliance on antiplatelet agents. Herein, we report an endovascular approach for IA therapy without stent grafting or microcatheter shaping, enabled by active delivery of thrombin (Th) to target aneurysms using innovative phase-change material (PCM)-coated magnetite-thrombin (Fe3O4-Th@PCM) FTP nanorobots. The nanorobots are controlled by an integrated actuation system of dynamic torque-force hybrid magnetic fields. With robust intravascular navigation guided by real-time ultrasound imaging, nanorobotic collectives can effectively accumulate and retain in model aneurysms constructed in vivo, followed by controlled release of the encapsulated Th for rapid occlusion of the aneurysm upon melting the protective PCM (thermally responsive in a tunable manner) through focused magnetic hyperthermia. Complete and stable aneurysm embolization was confirmed by postoperative examination and 2-week postembolization follow-up using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and histological analysis. The safety of the embolization therapy was assessed through biocompatibility evaluation and histopathology assays. Our strategy, seamlessly integrating secure drug packaging, agile magnetic actuation and clinical interventional imaging, avoids possible exogenous implant rejection, circumvents cumbersome microcatheter shaping, and offers a promising option for IA therapy
Frontiers of Medical Micro/Nanorobotics: in vivo Applications and Commercialization Perspectives Toward Clinical Uses
The field of medical micro/nanorobotics holds considerable promise for advancing medical diagnosis and treatment due to their unique ability to move and perform complex task at small scales. Nevertheless, the grand challenge of the field remains in its successful translation towards widespread patient use. We critically address the frontiers of the current methodologies for in vivo applications and discuss the current and foreseeable perspectives of their commercialization. Although no โkiller applicationโ that would catalyze rapid commercialization has yet emerged, recent engineering breakthroughs have led to the successful in vivo operation of medical micro/nanorobots. We also highlight how standardizing report summaries of micro/nanorobotics is essential not only for increasing the quality of research but also for minimizing investment risk in their potential commercialization. We review current patents and commercialization efforts based on emerging proof-of-concept applications. We expect to inspire future research efforts in the field of micro/nanorobotics toward future medical diagnosis and treatment
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