Nanorobotics offers an emerging frontier in biomedicine, holding the
potential to revolutionize diagnostic and therapeutic applications through its
unique capabilities in manipulating biological systems at the nanoscale.
Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted
using IEEE Xplore and PubMed databases, resulting in the identification and
analysis of a total of 414 papers. The studies were filtered to include only
those that addressed both nanorobotics and direct medical applications. Our
analysis traces the technology's evolution, highlighting its growing prominence
in medicine as evidenced by the increasing number of publications over time.
Applications ranged from targeted drug delivery and single-cell manipulation to
minimally invasive surgery and biosensing. Despite the promise, limitations
such as biocompatibility, precise control, and ethical concerns were also
identified. This review aims to offer a thorough overview of the state of
nanorobotics in medicine, drawing attention to current challenges and
opportunities, and providing directions for future research in this rapidly
advancing field