27,590 research outputs found
Integrating remote sensing datasets into ecological modelling: a Bayesian approach
Process-based models have been used to simulate 3-dimensional complexities of
forest ecosystems and their temporal changes, but their extensive data
requirement and complex parameterisation have often limited their use for
practical management applications. Increasingly, information retrieved using
remote sensing techniques can help in model parameterisation and data
collection by providing spatially and temporally resolved forest information. In
this paper, we illustrate the potential of Bayesian calibration for integrating such
data sources to simulate forest production. As an example, we use the 3-PG
model combined with hyperspectral, LiDAR, SAR and field-based data to
simulate the growth of UK Corsican pine stands. Hyperspectral, LiDAR and
SAR data are used to estimate LAI dynamics, tree height and above ground
biomass, respectively, while the Bayesian calibration provides estimates of
uncertainties to model parameters and outputs. The Bayesian calibration
contrasts with goodness-of-fit approaches, which do not provide uncertainties
to parameters and model outputs. Parameters and the data used in the
calibration process are presented in the form of probability distributions,
reflecting our degree of certainty about them. After the calibration, the
distributions are updated. To approximate posterior distributions (of outputs
and parameters), a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling approach is used (25
000 steps). A sensitivity analysis is also conducted between parameters and
outputs. Overall, the results illustrate the potential of a Bayesian framework for
truly integrative work, both in the consideration of field-based and remotely
sensed datasets available and in estimating parameter and model output uncertainties
Entanglement entropy in fermionic Laughlin states
We present analytic and numerical calculations on the bipartite entanglement
entropy in fractional quantum Hall states of the fermionic Laughlin sequence.
The partitioning of the system is done both by dividing Landau level orbitals
and by grouping the fermions themselves. For the case of orbital partitioning,
our results can be related to spatial partitioning, enabling us to extract a
topological quantity (the `total quantum dimension') characterizing the
Laughlin states. For particle partitioning we prove a very close upper bound
for the entanglement entropy of a subset of the particles with the rest, and
provide an interpretation in terms of exclusion statistics.Comment: 4+ pages, 3 figures. Minor changes in v
Simple Measures of Individual Cluster-Membership Certainty for Hard Partitional Clustering
We propose two probability-like measures of individual cluster-membership
certainty which can be applied to a hard partition of the sample such as that
obtained from the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm, hierarchical
clustering or k-means clustering. One measure extends the individual silhouette
widths and the other is obtained directly from the pairwise dissimilarities in
the sample. Unlike the classic silhouette, however, the measures behave like
probabilities and can be used to investigate an individual's tendency to belong
to a cluster. We also suggest two possible ways to evaluate the hard partition.
We evaluate the performance of both measures in individuals with ambiguous
cluster membership, using simulated binary datasets that have been partitioned
by the PAM algorithm or continuous datasets that have been partitioned by
hierarchical clustering and k-means clustering. For comparison, we also present
results from soft clustering algorithms such as soft analysis clustering
(FANNY) and two model-based clustering methods. Our proposed measures perform
comparably to the posterior-probability estimators from either FANNY or the
model-based clustering methods. We also illustrate the proposed measures by
applying them to Fisher's classic iris data set
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