China's Renminbi Currency Logistics Network: A Brief Introduction

Currency logistics is becoming a field of increasing interest and importance both in government and academic circles. In this paper, a basic description of China's nationwide logistics network for the Renminbi is discussed and analyzed. In addition to its basic structure, its key problems such as production costs, inventory levels, and transportation and storage security are discussed.currency, logistics, China, money supply

Prudential regulation and banking supervision : building an institutional framework for Banks

Economic deregulation and financial liberalization are important for a country to develop a viable and robust financial system. But deregulation will remove the protections previously afforded the banking system. Increased competition, a changing price structure, new market entrants and other factors will increase the risks banks assume and the instability of the financial system. So, the government's goal to ensure the stability of the financial system is of paramount importance. Prudential regulation and supervision are designed to remove or lessen the threat of systemic instability. In addition, the safety and soundness of the banking system must be supported by an adequate legal framework governing a bank's contractual relationship with its customers. Satisfactory accounting and auditing standards are also crucial to ensure that financial statements reflect each financial institution's condition. Different countries have adopted different models of bank regulation and supervision. Organizational approaches also vary from country to country. However, no model will be effective if significant political interference is permitted. The primary line of defense against banking insolvency and financial system distress is the quality of management within the banks themselves. Therefore, efforts to strengthen the financial system must also focus on strengthening management through a process of institutional development.Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Banking Law,Environmental Economics&Policies

Audits of banks (1983); Industry audit guide; Audit and accounting guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1312/thumbnail.jp

Audits of banks (1984); Industry audit guide; Audit and accounting guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1313/thumbnail.jp

Audits of banks as of December 31, 1990; Industry audit guide; Audit and accounting guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1314/thumbnail.jp

Proposed audit guide : audits of banks;Audits of banks; Exposure draft (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants), 1981, Nov. 16

This guide has been prepared to assist the independent CPA in examining and reporting on financial statements of commercial banks, savings banks and bank holding companies. Also, it should help officers and directors of banks and other interested persons understand the nature and scope of audits of banks by independent CPAs. In the last decade, many changes have occurred in the banking industry. Bank supervisory authorities have taken substantial steps to improve reporting by banks. Bank holding companies have become a major factor in the industry, and the range of services offered by banking institutions has expanded. The supervisory authorities have expressed increased interest in reliance on examinations by independent CPAs. Since 1971, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has required audits of the financial statements of banks included in filings with the SEC. Because of these changes, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Committee on Banking (Committee) has revised the banking industry audit guide, Audits of Banks, originally published in 1968 and supplemented in 1969. This guide is a complete revision of that guide. This guide emphasizes aspects of accounting and auditing unique to the banking industry. It reflects the presumption that the CPA understands accounting and auditing common to business enterprises in general. The discussions of auditing present typical audit situations in banks, including the CPA\u27s review of internal accounting controls of banks. However, the discussions do not necessarily cover all audit situations a CPA might encounter in banks. Finally, references to the statements on auditing standards of the AICPA and the authoritative accounting pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and its predecessor organizations, including the Accounting Principles Board (APB) are intended to include the specific pronouncements as well as all subsequent amendments to them effective as of the date of this guide. The CPA should be familiar with any auditing or accounting interpretations issued after the date of this guide.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_sop/1437/thumbnail.jp

Audits of banks with conforming changes as of May 1, 1993; Industry audit guide; Audit and accounting guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1316/thumbnail.jp

Sound branch cash management for less: A low-cost forecasting algorithm under uncertain demand

Financial support from the excellence project of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation “Mecanismos de resolución de crisis: cambios en el sistema financiero y efectos en la Economía real” (P12-SEJ-2463). The first author also thanks the financial support for the project received from by of the Regional Government of Andalusia “GAMMA (Grupo de Análisis Microeconómico y Macroeconómico Aplicado)” (SEJ340).This paper deals with cash management for bank branches, under the assumption that branches have a role to play in the improvement of global bank institution performance. In the current scenario of unprecedented pressure amongst banks to keep costs under control, our contribution is the design of a sound and low-cost algorithm to optimize branch cash holdings using software implementation in SageMath. It is accompanied by data processing based on 60,000 real banking records. This is the first academic paper to run such an extensive database at branch level. We find that our algorithm by and large performs well when forecasting the cash amounts that the branch might require from the central hub to satisfy all branch necessities, avoiding the generation of either surplus or shortage of cash. It is also extremely easy to implement in daily branching practice, leading to an overall reduction in operating costs. In addition, our algorithm may be easily adjusted as required and be tailor-made to the special requirements of each banking institution.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (P12-SEJ-2463)Regional Government of Andalusia (SEJ340

Audits of banks with conforming changes as of May 1, 1994; Industry audit guide; Audit and accounting guide

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_indev/1317/thumbnail.jp