Orthopedic Surgery Planning Based on the Integration of Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping

This paper describes orthopedic surgical planning based on the integration of RE and RP. Using symmetrical characteristics of the human body, CAD data of the original bone without damages for the injured extent are generated from a mirror transformation of undamaged bone data for the uninjured extent. The physical model before the injury is manufactured from RP apparatus. Surgical planning, such as the selection of the proper implant, pre-forming of the implant, decision of fixation positions and incision sizes, etc., is determined by a physical simulation using the physical model. In order to examine the applicability and efficiency of surgical planning technology for orthopedics, various case studies, such as a proximal tibia plateau fracture, a distal tibia comminuted fracture and an iliac wing fracture of pelvis, are carried out. As a result of the examination, it has been shown that the orthopedic surgical planning based on the integration of RE and RP is an efficient surgical tool.Mechanical Engineerin

Medium-Long-Term Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes after Surgical Treatment of Intra-Articular Tibial Pilon Fractures by Three Different Techniques

The goal of this retrospective, observational, case series study was to evaluate the medium-long-term clinical and radiographic results of the three most common surgical osteosynthesis techniques used for the treatment of articular tibial pilon fractures: ORIF, MIPO, and EF. Materials and Methods. A consecutive series of patients with articular pilon fractures who underwent surgery at our institution were enrolled in this study. Fractures were classified according to the M\ufcller AO classification system. Overall outcomes took the following into account: radiographic quality of reduction, evaluated using Ovadia and Beals\u2019 criteria; clinical assessment, evaluated using the AOFAS questionnaire; and general health, evaluated with the SF36-v2 Health Survey. Results. A total of 94 articular pilon fractures (34 type 43-B and 60 43-C) were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 56.34 months (range 33\u2013101). The techniques used were ORIF, MIPO, and EF in 63 (67%), 17 (18.9%), and 14 cases (14.1%), respectively. According to Ovadia and Beals\u2019 criteria, good, fair, and poor results were reported in 61 (64.89%), 26 (27.66%), and 7 (7.45%) cases, respectively. The mean AOFAS score was 82.41 for MIPO, 79.83 for ORIF, and 50.57 for EF, respectively. Thirty-nine patients (41.49%) presented early and/or late complications. Conclusion. Satisfactory outcomes using the three different techniques were reported. In particular, the radiographic outcomes were inversely proportional to the fracture comminutions and statistically different between internal and external osteosynthesis, but comparable between ORIF and MIPO techniques. On the other hand, the clinical outcomes were closely related to the soft tissue conditions and the anatomical reconstruction of the joint

A Systematic Review of Music Therapy Practice and Outcomes with Acute Adult Psychiatric In-Patients

PMCID: PMC3732280This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Osteosíntesis mínimamente invasiva con placa en fracturas de radio distal tipo C

Introducción. La tendencia hacia el uso de técnicas mínimamente invasivas (MIPO) en el tratamiento de fracturas se justifica, por la reducción de la exposición de la fractura y la disección de los planos musculares, lo que facilita la recuperación precoz. Material y Método. Se realizó un estudio en dos fases, la primera descriptiva retrospectiva de una serie de 48 casos, y la segunda, del estudio longitudinal prospectivo de una serie de 23 casos, que se sometieron a MIPO tras una fractura intraarticular de radio distal tipo C de AO. Además de las variables: edad, sexo, lateralidad y mecanismo de lesión, se evaluaron los resultados funcionales, dolor, rango de movimiento y fuerza, a través de Mayo Wrist Score escala y el cuestionario DASH. Las fracturas se clasificaron utilizando las directrices AO, se evaluaron los resultados radiológicos y complicaciones. Resultados. Se realizó la descripción del abordaje quirúrgico de los71 pacientes: 43 mujeres y 28 hombres, con una media de edad de 57 años. El lado más afectado fue el izquierdo con 51 casos. El resultado funcional fue 68,33 en el primer estudio (retrospectivo) y 85,86 en el estudio prospectivo. Observamos una pérdida de fuerza en comparación con el lado contralateral, medida con un dinamómetro, de 5,19 Kg. (retrospectivo) y 2,98 Kg. (prospectivo). Radiográ- ficamente no hubo colapso intraarticular o pérdida de la reducción en el estudio prospectivo, y la consolidación se obtuvo en el 100% de los casos. Se observó, en el segundo estudio, un caso de síndrome de dolor regional complejo y sólo un caso requirió la retirada de material debido a la protrusión dorsal de un tornillo. Conclusiones. Se trata de una técnica segura que permite la reducción y estabilización de las fracturas de la extremidad distal del radio. No solo la estética, sino también, los resultados funcionales son mejores con la técnica MIPO.Introduction. The current trend towards the use of minimally invasive techniques (MIPO) in the treatment of fractures is justified by the reduced exposure of the fracture and dissection of the muscle planes, which facilitates early recovery. Materials and Methods. We performed a double study, a retrospective descriptive study of a series of 48 cases and a prospective longitudinal study of a series of 23 patients that underwent MIPO after intra-articular distal radius fracture. In addition to the variables: age, sex, side and injury mechanism, etc., functional outcomes, pain, range of motion and strength, through Mayo Wrist Score scale and DASH were assessed. Fractures were classified using the AO guidelines, radiological results and complications were assessed. Results. We conducted the description of surgical approach with surgical images. We analyzed a total of 71 patients, 43 women and 28 men with a mean age of 57 years. The most affected side was the left with 51 cases. According to the Mayo Wrist Score, functional outcome was 68,33 in the first study (retrospective) and 85.86 in the prospective study. A mean loss in strength, measured with a dynamometer of 5,19 Kg. (retrospective) and 2,98 Kg. (prospective), was observed when compared to the contralateral side. Radiographically no intraarticular collapse or loss reduction were observed in prospective study, and consolidation was obtained in 100% of the cases. One case of complex regional pain syndrome was observed and only one case required the removal of material because of dorsal protrusion of a screw in this study. Conclusions. It is a safe technique that allows the reduction and stabilization of fractures of the distal radius. Not only the aesthetic but also functional results are better with MIPO technique

Polarimetric Approaches for Persistent Scatterers Interferometry

In previous works, a general framework to exploit polarimetric diversity to optimize the results of persistent scatterers interferometry (PSI) was presented, but tested only with dual-pol data. In this paper, the performance of these algorithms is assessed using fully polarimetric data, acquired by the Radarsat-2 satellite over the urban area of Barcelona, Spain. In addition, two new highly efficient polarimetric optimization methods, mean intensity polarimetric optimization and joint diagonalization-based polarimetric optimization, are introduced and evaluated. Given the variety of dual-pol configurations provided by current polarimetric satellites, such as TerraSAR-X and Radarsat-2, and the upcoming launch of Sentinel-1, ALOS-2, and Radarsat Constellation Mission, a study has been also carried out to determine the best performing dual-pol configurations for polarimetric PSI. Subsidence maps of the area of study are computed for single-pol, dual-pol, and full-pol data, which show the increase in pixel density with valid deformation results as more polarimetric information is made available. In particular, for full-pol data we get an increase of up to 2.5 times more pixels for coherence-based PSI techniques (degraded resolution), and over four times more for amplitude-based approaches (full resolution), in comparison with single-pol data. Both higher density and quality of pixels yield better results in terms of coverage and accuracy.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Union FEDER funds under Project TEC2011-28201-C02-02

Identification of a 7-phase claw-pole starter-alternator for a micro-hybrid automotive application

This paper deals with the identification of a new high power starter-alternator system, using both: a Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling and an experimental vector control. The drive is composed of a synchronous 7-phase claw-pole machine supplied with a low voltage / high current Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). This structure needs specific approaches to plan its electrical and mechanical behaviors and to identify the parameters needed for control purpose. At first, a Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling of the machine is presented. It is used for the predetermination of the electromotive forces and of the torque. Experimental results are in good accordance with numerical results. In a second part, resistive and inductive parameters of the drive are determined by an original experimental approach that takes into account each component of the drive: the battery, the VSI and the machine.Futurelec IV (Region Nord Pas de Calais

Minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis versus ORIF for Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures: a prospective, randomized intervention trial

BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled trial compared the clinical outcomes and complications of a novel minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis (MIPO) with those of conventional treatment via an extended L-shaped lateral approach for calcaneal fractures. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either MIPO (29 patients) or open reduction and internal fixation via an extended L-shaped lateral approach (35 patients). The same calcaneal plate (AO Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) was used in both groups. The primary clinical outcomes included operative time, VAS postoperatively, and wound healing complications. Secondary clinical outcomes included time to operation, length of incision, postoperative drainage, length of hospital stay, medical expense, AOFAS score, and SF-36 score. Preoperative and postoperative calcaneal height, width, and length, Bohler’s angle, and Gissane’s angle were compared. RESULTS: The operative time in the MIPO group was 52.5 ± 11.1 min, which was significantly shorter than 82.8 ± 16.2 min in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.001). One week postoperatively, the VAS value was 3.2 ± 1.4 in the MIPO group, which was lower than that in the conventional treatment group, 3.9 ± 1.3 (P = 0.038). In the conventional treatment group, 13 of 35 fractures (37.1%) had wound healing problems, whereas this issue occurred in only 2 of 29 fractures (6.7%) in the MIPO group (P = 0.004). In the MIPO group, deep and superficial infections occurred in none of the cases and 1 of 29 (3.4%) patients, respectively. Length of incision in the MIPO group was shorter than that in the conventional treatment group (4.2 ± 0.6 vs. 10.9 ± 1.5 cm; P < 0.001). Hospital stay was 9.7 ± 2.8 days in the MIPO group and 11.7 ± 2.6 days in the conventional treatment group (P = 0.004). At the last follow-up, the SF-36 scores and AOFAS scores in the two groups were comparable (P > 0.05). The postoperative radiographic data, the Bohler’s angle, Gissane’s angle, and calcaneal height, width, and length in the two groups were comparable (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional ORIF, the advantages of MIPO are a considerably shortened operating time and hospital stay, decreased postoperative pain, and reduced risk of wound healing complications

A priori error indicator in the transformation method for problems with geometric uncertainties

Version éditeur de cette publication à l'adresse suivante : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6514655To solve stochastic problems with geometric uncertainties, one can transform the original problem in a domain with stochastic boundaries and interfaces to a problem defined in a deterministic domain with uncertainties in the material behavior. The latter problem is then discretized. There exist infinitely many random mappings that lead to identical results in the continuous domain but not in the discretized domain. In this paper, an a priori error indicator is proposed for electromagnetic problems with scalar and vector potential formulations. This leads to criteria for selecting random mappings that reduce the numerical error. In an illustrative numerical example, the proposed a priori error indicator is compared with an a posteriori estimator for both potential formulationsThis work is supported by the program MEDEE funded by the Nord Pas de Calais council and the European Community and supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1216927