The Impact of Radiation Damage on Electron Multiplying CCD Technology for the WFIRST Coronagraph

This thesis follows an investigation into the effects of radiation damage on the e2v CCD201-20; the detector baselined for use in the WFIRST coronagraph imaging and spectroscopy camera systems (hereafter, WFIRST CGI). The CCD201 is an EM-CCD, a variant of traditional CCD technology that is well suited for operation in light starved conditions. Despite successful implementation on many ground-based instruments, the technology has yet to be used within a space environment and therefore has low technological maturity compared to the standard CCD counterpart. Improvement of the technological maturity rested upon in-depth investigations into the effect of radiation damage on the CCD201, which in turn could be used to estimate the End Of Life (EOL) performance of the instrument and de-risk the utilisation of EM-CCDs for the mission. An in-depth radiation campaign was completed whereby multiple CCD201s were irradiated to multiple fluence levels at both room temperature and the nominal operating temperature of the mission (165 K). Performance was measured prior to and following each irradiation, including measurements of low-signal Charge Transfer Inefficiency (CTI), dark current and Clock Induced Charge (CIC). Significant performance differences were noted between the room temperature and cryogenic irradiation case, indicating that cryogenic irradiations are instrumental to accurate EOL performance estimates. CTI was identified as the key limitation to CGI science performance, and so attention then turned to amelioration strategies focused on improving performance in the presence of radiation damage, including trap pumping and narrow-channel modelling. The results presented in this thesis have helped lead to the adoption of the CCD201-20 for the WFIRST mission, have provided key insight into the differences between room temperature and cryogenic irradiations, have advanced the “trap pumping” technique for use on EM-CCDs and presented the properties on the dominant traps that impact CTI for radiation damaged CCDs. The findings are not only useful for the WFIRST CGI, but for any future space mission that will utilise EM-CCD technology in an environment where radiation has the potential to degrade science performance

The Fifth NASA Symposium on VLSI Design

The fifth annual NASA Symposium on VLSI Design had 13 sessions including Radiation Effects, Architectures, Mixed Signal, Design Techniques, Fault Testing, Synthesis, Signal Processing, and other Featured Presentations. The symposium provides insights into developments in VLSI and digital systems which can be used to increase data systems performance. The presentations share insights into next generation advances that will serve as a basis for future VLSI design

Jitter reduction techniques for digital audio.

by Tsang Yick Man, Steven.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-99).ABSTRACT --- p.iACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iiLIST OF GLOSSARY --- p.iiiChapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- What is the jitter ？ --- p.3Chapter 2 --- WHY DOES JITTER OCCUR IN DIGITAL AUDIO ？ --- p.4Chapter 2.1 --- Poorly-designed Phase Locked Loop ( PLL ) --- p.4Chapter 2.1.1 --- Digital data problem --- p.7Chapter 2.2 --- Sampling jitter or clock jitter ( Δti) --- p.9Chapter 2.3 --- Waveform distortion --- p.12Chapter 2.4 --- Logic induced jitter --- p.17Chapter 2.4.1 --- Digital noise mechanisms --- p.20Chapter 2.4.2 --- Different types of D-type flop-flip chips are linked below for ease of comparison --- p.21Chapter 2.4.3 --- Ground bounce --- p.22Chapter 2.5 --- Power supply high frequency noise --- p.23Chapter 2.6 --- Interface Jitter --- p.25Chapter 2.7 --- Cross-talk --- p.28Chapter 2.8 --- Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) --- p.28Chapter 2.9 --- Baseline wander --- p.29Chapter 2.10 --- Noise jitter --- p.30Chapter 2.11 --- FIFO jitter reduction chips --- p.31Chapter 3 --- JITTER REDUCTION TECHNIQUES --- p.33Chapter 3.1 --- Why using two-stage phase-locked loop (PLL ) ？Chapter 3.1.1 --- The PLL circuit components --- p.35Chapter 3.1.2 --- The PLL timing specifications --- p.36Chapter 3.2 --- Analog phase-locked loop (APLL ) circuit usedin second stage --- p.38Chapter 3.3 --- All digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL ) circuit used in second stage --- p.40Chapter 3.4 --- ADPLL design --- p.42Chapter 3.4.1 --- "Different of K counter value of ADPLL are listed for comparison with M=512, N=256, Kd=2" --- p.46Chapter 3.4.2 --- Computer simulated results and experimental results of the ADPLL --- p.47Chapter 3.4.3 --- PLL design notes --- p.58Chapter 3.5 --- Different of the all digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL ) and the analogue Phase-Locked Loop (APLL ) are listed for comparison --- p.65Chapter 3.6 --- Discrete transistor oscillator --- p.68Chapter 3.7 --- Discrete transistor oscillator circuit operation --- p.69Chapter 3.8 --- The advantage and disadvantage of using external discrete oscillator --- p.71Chapter 3.9 --- Background of using high-precision oscillators --- p.72Chapter 3.9.1 --- The temperature compensated crystal circuit operation --- p.73Chapter 3.9.2 --- The temperature compensated circuit design notes --- p.75Chapter 3.10 --- The discrete voltage reference circuit operation --- p.76Chapter 3.10.1 --- Comparing the different types of Op-amps that can be used as a voltage comparator --- p.79Chapter 3.10.2 --- Precaution of separate CMOS chips Vdd and Vcc --- p.80Chapter 3.11 --- Board level jitter reduction method --- p.81Chapter 3.12 --- Digital audio interface chips --- p.82Chapter 3.12.1 --- Different brand of the digital interface receiver (DIR) chips and clock modular are listed for comparison --- p.84Chapter 4. --- APPLICATION CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF JITTER REDUCTION AND CLOCK RECOVERY --- p.85Chapter 5 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.90Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of the research --- p.90Chapter 5.2 --- Suggestions for further development --- p.92Chapter 5.3 --- Instrument listing that used in this thesis --- p.93Chapter 6 --- REFERENCES --- p.94Chapter 7 --- APPENDICES --- p.100Chapter 7.1.1 --- Phase instability in frequency dividersChapter 7.1.2 --- The effect of clock tree on Tskew on ASIC chipChapter 7.1.3 --- Digital audio transmission----Why jitter is important?Chapter 7.1.4 --- Overview of digital audio interface data structuresChapter 7.1.5 --- Typical frequency Vs temperature variations curve of Quartz crystalsChapter 7.2 --- IC specification used in these research projec

A study of multiplex data bus techniques for the space shuttle

A comprehensive technology base for the design of a multiplexed data bus subsystem is provided. Extensive analyses, both analytical and empirical, were performed. Subjects covered are classified under the following headings: requirements identification and analysis; transmission media studies; signal design and detection studies; synchronization, timing, and control studies; user-subsystem interface studies; operational reliability analyses; design of candidate data bus configurations; and evaluation of candidate data bus designs

Magnetic Tape Recording for the Eighties

The practical and theoretical aspects of state-of-the-art magnetic tape recording technology are reviewed. Topics covered include the following: (1) analog and digital magnetic tape recording, (2) tape and head wear, (3) wear testing, (4) magnetic tape certification, (5) care, handling, and management of magnetic tape, (6) cleaning, packing, and winding of magnetic tape, (7) tape reels, bands, and packaging, (8) coding techniques for high-density digital recording, and (9) tradeoffs of coding techniques

Cumulative index to NASA Tech Briefs, 1986-1990, volumes 10-14

Tech Briefs are short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This cumulative index of Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes (subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief number) and covers the period 1986 to 1990. The abstract section is organized by the following subject categories: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, computer programs, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

LASER Tech Briefs, September 1993

This edition of LASER Tech briefs contains a feature on photonics. The other topics include: Electronic Components and Circuits. Electronic Systems, Physical Sciences, Materials, Computer Programs, Mechanics, Machinery, Fabrication Technology, Mathematics and Information Sciences, Life Sciences and books and reports

Reconfigurable G and C computer study for space station use. Volume 2 - Final technical report Final report, 29 Dec. 1969 - 31 Jan. 1971

Design and development of reconfigurable guidance and control computer for space station applications - Vol.

The 1991 3rd NASA Symposium on VLSI Design

Papers from the symposium are presented from the following sessions: (1) featured presentations 1; (2) very large scale integration (VLSI) circuit design; (3) VLSI architecture 1; (4) featured presentations 2; (5) neural networks; (6) VLSI architectures 2; (7) featured presentations 3; (8) verification 1; (9) analog design; (10) verification 2; (11) design innovations 1; (12) asynchronous design; and (13) design innovations 2