5 research outputs found
Lossless Image and Intra-Frame Compression With Integer-to-Integer DST
Video coding standards are primarily designed for efficient lossy compression, but it is also desirable to support efficient lossless compression within video coding standards using small modifications to the lossy coding architecture. A simple approach is to skip transform and quantization, and simply entropy code the prediction residual. However, this approach is inefficient at compression. A more efficient and popular approach is to skip transform and quantization but also process the residual block in some modes with differential pulse code modulation ( DPCM), along the horizontal or vertical direction, prior to entropy coding. This paper explores an alternative approach based on processing the residual block with integer-to-integer (i2i) transforms. I2i transforms can map integer pixels to integer transform coefficients without increasing the dynamic range and can be used for lossless compression. We focus on lossless intra coding and develop novel i2i approximations of the odd type-3 discrete sine transform (ODST-3). Experimental results with the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) reference software show that when the developed i2i approximations of the ODST-3 are used along the DPCM method of HEVC, an average 2.7% improvement of lossless intra frame compression efficiency is achieved over HEVC version 2, which uses only the DPCM method, without a significant increase in computational complexity
Learned Lossless Image Compression Through Interpolation With Low Complexity
With the increasing popularity of deep learning in image processing, many
learned lossless image compression methods have been proposed recently. One
group of algorithms that have shown good performance are based on learned
pixel-based auto-regressive models, however, their sequential nature prevents
easily parallelized computations and leads to long decoding times. Another
popular group of algorithms are based on scale-based auto-regressive models and
can provide competitive compression performance while also enabling simple
parallelization and much shorter decoding times. However, their major drawback
are the used large neural networks and high computational complexity. This
paper presents an interpolation based learned lossless image compression method
which falls in the scale-based auto-regressive models group. The method
achieves better than or on par compression performance with the recent
scale-based auto-regressive models, yet requires more than 10x less neural
network parameters and encoding/decoding computation complexity. These
achievements are due to the contributions/findings in the overall system and
neural network architecture design, such as sharing interpolator neural
networks across different scales, using separate neural networks for different
parameters of the probability distribution model and performing the processing
in the YCoCg-R color space instead of the RGB color space.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 table
A New Integer-to-Integer Transform
This chapter presents a detailed analysis of an integer-to-integer transform that is closely related to the discrete Fourier transform, but that offers insights into signal structure that the DFT does not. The transform is analyzed for its underlying properties using concepts from number theory. Theorems are given along with proofs to help establish the salient features of the transform. Two kinds of redundancy exist in the transform. It is shown how redundancy implicit in the transform can be eliminated to obtain a simple form. Closed-form formulas for the forward and inverse transforms are presented
Lossless Image and Intra-Frame Compression With Integer-to-Integer DST
Video coding standards are primarily designed for efficient lossy compression, but it is also desirable to support efficient lossless compression within video coding standards using small modifications to the lossy coding architecture. A simple approach is to skip transform and quantization, and simply entropy code the prediction residual. However, this approach is inefficient at compression. A more efficient and popular approach is to skip transform and quantization but also process the residual block in some modes with differential pulse code modulation ( DPCM), along the horizontal or vertical direction, prior to entropy coding. This paper explores an alternative approach based on processing the residual block with integer-to-integer (i2i) transforms. I2i transforms can map integer pixels to integer transform coefficients without increasing the dynamic range and can be used for lossless compression. We focus on lossless intra coding and develop novel i2i approximations of the odd type-3 discrete sine transform (ODST-3). Experimental results with the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) reference software show that when the developed i2i approximations of the ODST-3 are used along the DPCM method of HEVC, an average 2.7% improvement of lossless intra frame compression efficiency is achieved over HEVC version 2, which uses only the DPCM method, without a significant increase in computational complexity