98,642 research outputs found
Phase locking of coupled lasers with many longitudinal modes
Detailed experimental and theoretical investigations on two coupled fiber
lasers, each with many longitudinal modes, reveal that the behavior of the
longitudinal modes depends on both the coupling strength as well as the
detuning between them. For low to moderate coupling strength only longitudinal
modes which are common for both lasers phase-lock while those that are not
common gradually disappear. For larger coupling strengths, the longitudinal
modes that are not common reappear and phase-lock. When the coupling strength
approaches unity the coupled lasers behave as a single long cavity with
correspondingly denser longitudinal modes. Finally, we show that the gradual
increase in phase-locking as a function of the coupling strength results from
competition between phase-locked and non phase-locked longitudinal modes.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to opt. let
The principle of a virtual multi-channel lock-in amplifier and its application to magnetoelectric measurement system
This letter presents principles and applications of a virtual multi-channel
lock-in amplifier that is a simple but effective method to recover small ac
signal from noise with high presison. The fundamentals of this method are based
on calculation of cross-correlation function. Via this method, we successfully
built up a magnetoelectric measurement system which can perform precise and
versatile measurements without any analog lock-in amplifier. Using the virtual
multi-channel lock-in amplifier, the output of the magnetoelectric measurement
system is extensively rich in magnetoelectric coupling behaviors, including
coupling strength and phase lag, under various dc bias magnetic field and ac
magnetic field.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. To be submitted to Rev. Sci. Instr
Quick connect coupling
A coupling device has a transversely arranged, open-end groove in a flange attached to a pipe end. The groove in the flange receives a circumferentially arranged locking flange element on the other coupling member and permits alignment of the bores of the coupling members when the locking flange element is in the open end groove. Upon alignment of the bores of the coupling members, a trigger member is activated to automatically release a spring biased tubular member in one of the coupling members. The tubular member has a conical end which is displaced into the other coupling member to lock the coupling members to one another. A tensioning nut is threadedly movable on a coupling member so as to be moved into tightening engagement with the other coupling member
Dual-frequency ferromagnetic resonance
We describe a new experimental technique to investigate coupling effects
between different layers or modes in ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Dual FMR
frequencies are excited (2-8 GHz) simultaneously and detected selectively in a
broadband RF circuit, using lock-in amplifier detection at separate modulation
frequencies.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted by "Review of Scientific Instruments",
200
Measurement of mutual inductance from frequency dependence of impedance of AC coupled circuit using digital dual-phase lock-in amplifier
We present a simple method to determine the mutual inductance between two
coils in a coupled AC circuit by using a digital dual-phase lock-in amplifier.
The frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts is measured as the
coupling constant is changed. The mutual inductance decreases as the
distance between the centers of coils is increased. We show that the
coupling constant is proportional to with an exponent (
3). This coupling is similar to that of two magnetic moments coupled through a
dipole-dipole interaction.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, Fig.1 is corrected, figures in png files, short
version is published in Am. J. Phys. 76, (2008) 12
Geometrical Properties of Coupled Oscillators at Synchronization
We study the synchronization of nearest neighbors coupled oscillators in
a ring. We derive an analytic form for the phase difference among neighboring
oscillators which shows the dependency on the periodic boundary conditions. At
synchronization, we find two distinct quantities which characterize four of the
oscillators, two pairs of nearest neighbors, which are at the border of the
clusters before total synchronization occurs. These oscillators are responsible
for the saddle node bifurcation, of which only two of them have a phase-lock of
phase difference equals /2. Using these properties we build a
technique based on geometric properties and numerical observations to arrive to
an exact analytic expression for the coupling strength at full synchronization
and determine the two oscillators that have a phase-lock condition of
/2.Comment: accepted for publication in "Communications in Nonlinear Science and
Numerical Simulations
Large Magneto-Dielectric Effects in Orthorhombic HoMnO3 and YMnO3
We have found a remarkable increase (up to 60 %) of the dielectric constant
with the onset of magnetic order at 42 K in the metastable orthorhombic
structures of YMnO3 and HoMnO3 that proves the existence of a strong
magneto-dielectric coupling in the compounds. Magnetic, dielectric, and
thermodynamic properties show distinct anomalies at the onset of the
incommensurate magnetic order and thermal hysteresis effects are observed
around the lock-in transition temperature at which the incommensurate magnetic
order locks into a temperature independent wave vector. The orders of Mn3+
spins and Ho3+ moments both contribute to the magneto-dielectric coupling. A
large magneto-dielectric effect was observed in HoMnO3 at low temperature where
the dielectric constant can be tuned by an external magnetic field resulting in
a decrease of up to 8 % at 7 Tesla. By comparing data for YMnO3 and HoMnO3 the
contributions to the coupling between the dielectric response and Mn and Ho
magnetic orders are separated.Comment: revised manuscrip
Prosthesis coupling
A coupling for use in an apparatus for connecting a prosthesis to the bone of a stump of an amputated limb is described which permits a bio-compatible carbon sleeve forming a part of the prosthesis connector to float so as to prevent disturbing the skin seal around the carbon sleeve. The coupling includes a flexible member interposed between a socket that is inserted within an intermedullary cavity of the bone and the sleeve. A lock pin is carried by the prosthesis and has a stem portion which is adapted to be coaxially disposed and slideably within the tubular female socket for securing the prosthesis to the stump. The skin around the percutaneous carbon sleeve is able to move as a result of the flexing coupling so as to reduce stresses caused by changes in the stump shape and/or movement between the bone and the flesh portion of the stump
Universal magneto-orbital ordering in the divalent -site quadruple perovskite manganites MnO ( = Ca, Sr, Cd, and Pb)
Through analysis of variable temperature neutron powder diffraction data, we
present solutions for the magnetic structures of SrMnO,
CdMnO, and PbMnO in all long-range ordered phases. The
three compounds were found to have magnetic structures analogous to that
reported for CaMnO. They all feature a higher temperature lock-in
phase with \emph{commensurate} magneto-orbital coupling, and a delocked,
multi-\textbf{k} magnetic ground state where \emph{incommensurate}
magneto-orbital coupling gives rise to a constant-moment magnetic helix with
modulated spin helicity. CdMnO represents a special case in which
the orbital modulation is commensurate with the crystal lattice and involves
stacking of fully and partially polarized orbital states. Our results provide a
robust confirmation of the phenomenological model for magneto-orbital coupling
previously presented for CaMnO. Furthermore, we show that the model
is universal to the quadruple perovskite manganites synthesised to
date, and that it is tunable by selection of the -site ionic radius
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