6,994 research outputs found
Typicalness of chaotic fractal behaviour of integral vortexes in Hamiltonian systems with discontinuous right hand side
We consider a linear-quadratic deterministic optimal control problem where
the control takes values in a two-dimensional simplex. The phase portrait of
the optimal synthesis contains second-order singular extremals and exhibits
modes of infinite accumulations of switchings in finite time, so-called
chattering. We prove the presence of an entirely new phenomenon, namely the
chaotic behaviour of bounded pieces of optimal trajectories. We find the
hyperbolic domains in the neighbourhood of a homoclinic point and estimate the
corresponding contraction-extension coefficients. This gives us the possibility
to calculate the entropy and the Hausdorff dimension of the non-wandering set
which appears to have a Cantor-like structure as in Smale's Horseshoe. The
dynamics of the system is described by a topological Markov chain. In the
second part it is shown that this behaviour is generic for piece-wise smooth
Hamiltonian systems in the vicinity of a junction of three discontinuity
hyper-surface strata.Comment: 113 pages, 22 figure
The exponential map is chaotic: An invitation to transcendental dynamics
We present an elementary and conceptual proof that the complex exponential
map is "chaotic" when considered as a dynamical system on the complex plane.
(This result was conjectured by Fatou in 1926 and first proved by Misiurewicz
55 years later.) The only background required is a first undergraduate course
in complex analysis.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures. (Provisionally) accepted for publication the
American Mathematical Monthly. V2: Final pre-publication version. The article
has been revised, corrected and shortened by 14 pages; see Version 1 for a
more detailed discussion of further properties of the exponential map and
wider transcendental dynamic
Chimera states: Coexistence of coherence and incoherence in networks of coupled oscillators
A chimera state is a spatio-temporal pattern in a network of identical
coupled oscillators in which synchronous and asynchronous oscillation coexist.
This state of broken symmetry, which usually coexists with a stable spatially
symmetric state, has intrigued the nonlinear dynamics community since its
discovery in the early 2000s. Recent experiments have led to increasing
interest in the origin and dynamics of these states. Here we review the history
of research on chimera states and highlight major advances in understanding
their behaviour.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figure
Chaos and Complexity of quantum motion
The problem of characterizing complexity of quantum dynamics - in particular
of locally interacting chains of quantum particles - will be reviewed and
discussed from several different perspectives: (i) stability of motion against
external perturbations and decoherence, (ii) efficiency of quantum simulation
in terms of classical computation and entanglement production in operator
spaces, (iii) quantum transport, relaxation to equilibrium and quantum mixing,
and (iv) computation of quantum dynamical entropies. Discussions of all these
criteria will be confronted with the established criteria of integrability or
quantum chaos, and sometimes quite surprising conclusions are found. Some
conjectures and interesting open problems in ergodic theory of the quantum many
problem are suggested.Comment: 45 pages, 22 figures, final version, at press in J. Phys. A, special
issue on Quantum Informatio
Recent advances in open billiards with some open problems
Much recent interest has focused on "open" dynamical systems, in which a
classical map or flow is considered only until the trajectory reaches a "hole",
at which the dynamics is no longer considered. Here we consider questions
pertaining to the survival probability as a function of time, given an initial
measure on phase space. We focus on the case of billiard dynamics, namely that
of a point particle moving with constant velocity except for mirror-like
reflections at the boundary, and give a number of recent results, physical
applications and open problems.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure in six parts. To appear in Frontiers in the study
of chaotic dynamical systems with open problems (Ed. Z. Elhadj and J. C.
Sprott, World Scientific
Unification of Relativistic and Quantum Mechanics from Elementary Cycles Theory
In Elementary Cycles theory elementary quantum particles are consistently
described as the manifestation of ultra-fast relativistic spacetime cyclic
dynamics, classical in the essence. The peculiar relativistic geometrodynamics
of Elementary Cycles theory yields de facto a unification of ordinary
relativistic and quantum physics. In particular its classical-relativistic
cyclic dynamics reproduce exactly from classical physics first principles all
the fundamental aspects of Quantum Mechanics, such as all its axioms, the
Feynman path integral, the Dirac quantisation prescription (second
quantisation), quantum dynamics of statistical systems, non-relativistic
quantum mechanics, atomic physics, superconductivity, graphene physics and so
on. Furthermore the theory allows for the explicit derivation of gauge
interactions, without postulating gauge invariance, directly from relativistic
geometrodynamical transformations, in close analogy with the description of
gravitational interaction in general relativity. In this paper we summarise
some of the major achievements, rigorously proven also in several recent
peer-reviewed papers, of this innovative formulation of quantum particle
physics.Comment: 35 page
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