2,217 research outputs found
Macroscopic quantum damping in SQUID rings
The measurement process is introduced in the dynamics of Josephson devices
exhibiting quantum behaviour in a macroscopic degree of freedom. The
measurement is shown to give rise to a dynamical damping mechanism whose
experimental observability could be relevant to understand decoherence in
macroscopic quantum systems.Comment: 7 Pages; Plain REVTeX; 3 Figures available upon request; to be
published in Phys. Lett. A 229, 23 (1997
Four-dimensional understanding of quantum mechanics and Bell violation
While our natural intuition suggests us that we live in 3D space evolving in
time, modern physics presents fundamentally different picture: 4D spacetime,
Einstein's block universe, in which we travel in thermodynamically emphasized
direction: arrow of time. Suggestions for such nonintuitive and nonlocal living
in kind of "4D jello" come among others from: Lagrangian mechanics we use from
QFT to GR saying that history between fixed past and future situation is the
one optimizing action, special relativity saying that different velocity
observers have different present 3D hypersurface and time direction, general
relativity deforming shape of the entire spacetime up to switching time and
space below the black hole event horizon, or the CPT theorem concluding
fundamental symmetry between past and future.
Accepting this nonintuitive living in 4D spacetime: with present moment being
in equilibrium between past and future - minimizing tension as action of
Lagrangian, leads to crucial surprising differences from intuitive "evolving
3D" picture, in which we for example conclude satisfaction of Bell inequalities
- violated by the real physics. Specifically, particle in spacetime becomes own
trajectory: 1D submanifold of 4D, making that statistical physics should
consider ensembles like Boltzmann distribution among entire paths, what leads
to quantum behavior as we know from Feynman's Euclidean path integrals or
similar Maximal Entropy Random Walk (MERW). It results for example in Anderson
localization, or the Born rule with squares - allowing for violation of Bell
inequalities. Specifically, quantum amplitude turns out to describe probability
at the end of half-spacetime from a given moment toward past or future, to
randomly get some value of measurement we need to "draw it" from both time
directions, getting the squares of Born rules.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figure
Stability of the Ground State of a Harmonic Oscillator in a Monochromatic Wave
Classical and quantum dynamics of a harmonic oscillator in a monochromatic
wave is studied in the exact resonance and near resonance cases. This model
describes, in particular, a dynamics of a cold ion trapped in a linear ion trap
and interacting with two lasers fields with close frequencies. Analytically and
numerically a stability of the ``classical ground state'' (CGS) -- the vicinity
of the point () -- is analyzed. In the quantum case, the method for
studying a stability of the quantum ground state (QGS) is suggested, based on
the quasienergy representation. The dynamics depends on four parameters: the
detuning from the resonance, , where and
are, respectively, the wave and the oscillator's frequencies; the
positive integer (resonance) number, ; the dimensionless Planck constant,
, and the dimensionless wave amplitude, . For , the CGS
and the QGS are unstable for resonance numbers . For small
, the QGS becomes more stable with increasing and decreasing
. When increases, the influence of chaos on the stability of the
QGS is analyzed for different parameters of the model, , and
.Comment: RevTeX, 38 pages, 24 figure
Stability of Chiral States, Role of Intermolecular Interactions and Molecular Parity Violation
We study the problem of stability of chiral states, also known as problem of
chirality, within the framework of a two-dimensional approximation of a
symmetric double-well potential. We show how the symmetry breaking of the
potential due to the molecular parity violation can stop the tunneling in a
coherent way, accordingly stabilize the chiral states. Then, we use the quantum
Brownian motion within a linear Lindblad-type equation to model how the
intermolecular interactions make the tunneling incoherent, thus inducing a
racemization by dephasing. Finally, we investigate the normal physical
conditions where the dephasing racemization does not suppress the effects of
the molecular parity violation, accordingly the molecular parity violation may
be observed experimentally.Comment: 5 pages, 2 Figure
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