12,853 research outputs found
Radial Structure of the Internet
The structure of the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level has been
studied by both the Physics and Computer Science communities. We extend this
work to include features of the core and the periphery, taking a radial
perspective on AS network structure. New methods for plotting AS data are
described, and they are used to analyze data sets that have been extended to
contain edges missing from earlier collections. In particular, the average
distance from one vertex to the rest of the network is used as the baseline
metric for investigating radial structure. Common vertex-specific quantities
are plotted against this metric to reveal distinctive characteristics of
central and peripheral vertices. Two data sets are analyzed using these
measures as well as two common generative models (Barabasi-Albert and Inet). We
find a clear distinction between the highly connected core and a sparse
periphery. We also find that the periphery has a more complex structure than
that predicted by degree distribution or the two generative models
Implementation and Deployment of a Distributed Network Topology Discovery Algorithm
In the past few years, the network measurement community has been interested
in the problem of internet topology discovery using a large number (hundreds or
thousands) of measurement monitors. The standard way to obtain information
about the internet topology is to use the traceroute tool from a small number
of monitors. Recent papers have made the case that increasing the number of
monitors will give a more accurate view of the topology. However, scaling up
the number of monitors is not a trivial process. Duplication of effort close to
the monitors wastes time by reexploring well-known parts of the network, and
close to destinations might appear to be a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)
attack as the probes converge from a set of sources towards a given
destination. In prior work, authors of this report proposed Doubletree, an
algorithm for cooperative topology discovery, that reduces the load on the
network, i.e., router IP interfaces and end-hosts, while discovering almost as
many nodes and links as standard approaches based on traceroute. This report
presents our open-source and freely downloadable implementation of Doubletree
in a tool we call traceroute@home. We describe the deployment and validation of
traceroute@home on the PlanetLab testbed and we report on the lessons learned
from this experience. We discuss how traceroute@home can be developed further
and discuss ideas for future improvements
ELASTICITY: Topological Characterization of Robustness in Complex Networks
Just as a herd of animals relies on its robust social structure to survive in
the wild, similarly robustness is a crucial characteristic for the survival of
a complex network under attack. The capacity to measure robustness in complex
networks defines the resolve of a network to maintain functionality in the
advent of classical component failures and at the onset of cryptic malicious
attacks. To date, robustness metrics are deficient and unfortunately the
following dilemmas exist: accurate models necessitate complex analysis while
conversely, simple models lack applicability to our definition of robustness.
In this paper, we define robustness and present a novel metric, elasticity- a
bridge between accuracy and complexity-a link in the chain of network
robustness. Additionally, we explore the performance of elasticity on Internet
topologies and online social networks, and articulate results
K-core decomposition of Internet graphs: hierarchies, self-similarity and measurement biases
We consider the -core decomposition of network models and Internet graphs
at the autonomous system (AS) level. The -core analysis allows to
characterize networks beyond the degree distribution and uncover structural
properties and hierarchies due to the specific architecture of the system. We
compare the -core structure obtained for AS graphs with those of several
network models and discuss the differences and similarities with the real
Internet architecture. The presence of biases and the incompleteness of the
real maps are discussed and their effect on the -core analysis is assessed
with numerical experiments simulating biased exploration on a wide range of
network models. We find that the -core analysis provides an interesting
characterization of the fluctuations and incompleteness of maps as well as
information helping to discriminate the original underlying structure
The Dynamics of Internet Traffic: Self-Similarity, Self-Organization, and Complex Phenomena
The Internet is the most complex system ever created in human history.
Therefore, its dynamics and traffic unsurprisingly take on a rich variety of
complex dynamics, self-organization, and other phenomena that have been
researched for years. This paper is a review of the complex dynamics of
Internet traffic. Departing from normal treatises, we will take a view from
both the network engineering and physics perspectives showing the strengths and
weaknesses as well as insights of both. In addition, many less covered
phenomena such as traffic oscillations, large-scale effects of worm traffic,
and comparisons of the Internet and biological models will be covered.Comment: 63 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, submitted to Advances in Complex
System
The Philanthropic Landscape in the United States: A Topology of Trends
Over the last decade, the field of philanthropy has been in a constant state of evolution. New wealth has brought new philanthropists into the field, many seeking to apply their business acumen to their philanthropic work. There also has been a corresponding growth in consultants and advisors providing guidance and assistance on all aspects of giving. The growth of new technologies has revolutionized communications, social organizing, data collection, and program delivery. Additionally, the line between sectors is blurring and many funders and donors are exploring partnerships across sectors, if not focusing their philanthropic efforts solely on private sector driven initiatives. This paper was commissioned as part of the process undertaken by the Africa Grantmakers' Affinity Group (AGAG) to develop a new strategic plan that responds to changes int he landscapes in Africa and in philanthropy. The changes in philanthropy are vast and a full cataloging of them is outside of the scope of this brief paper. What this paper strives to provide is a brief overview of the major trends that have been driving philanthropy over the last three to five years and where possible, provide specific examples of these various types of philanthropy at work in Africa with the hope of fostering reflection and coversation as AGAG moves into its strategic planning process
- …