59 research outputs found
곡곡μμ κ±° νμ© ν¨ν΄ λΆμμ μν μκ°μ λΆμ λꡬ λμμΈ
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : 곡과λν μ κΈ°Β·μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ, 2021.8. κΉμ±μ€.With the development of sensors, various transportation related data such as activities and movements of citizens are being accumulated. Accordingly, urban planning researchers have made many attempts to obtain meaningful insights through data-driven analysis. For studying domain problems, we closely collaborated with urban planning researchers. Their main concern was to identify the route choice behaviors of public bicycle riders, which is called route choice modeling (RCM). In the process of our collaboration, we identified the two limitations in their RCM analysis process. First, there was no visual interface that can effectively support the whole RCM process. In their process, data exploration and modeling steps were not systematically interlocked and were quite fragmented, which impedes the cognitive flow of the researchers. Second, there was no means to understand various origin-destination (OD) movement behaviors between different public bicycle riders. For this reason, domain researchers could not take bicycle ridersβ characteristics into account in conducting their study.
In this dissertation, we present two analysis approaches to address the issues mentioned above. In the first study, we present RCMVis, a visual analytics system to support interactive RCManalysis. The system supports three interactive analysis stages: exploration, modeling, and reasoning. In the exploration stage,we help analysts interactively explore trip data from multiple OD pairs and choose a subset of data they want to focus on. In the modeling stage, we integrate a k-medoids clustering method and a path-size logit model into our system to enable analysts to model route choice behaviors from trips with support for feature selection, hyperparameter tuning, and model comparison. Finally, in the reasoning stage, we help analysts rationalize and refine the model by selectively inspecting the trips that strongly support the modeling result. The domain experts discovered unexpected insights from numerous modeling results, allowing them to explore the hyperparameter space more effectively to gain better results.
In the second study, we suggest a method to discover various OD movement behaviors of different bicycle riders by exploring the latent feature space. To extract latent features of riders,we train Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) model on the ridersβ trip records. After extracting the latent features, we represent these features in two-dimensional space using the dimensionalityreduction technique. As a result, we found various OD movement behaviors by exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics using our carefully designed visualizations and interactions. In addition, we identified that how the OD movement behaviors can affect the route choice behaviors of riders. We believe that the two suggested analysis approaches will help solve many problems in the urban planning domain.μ΅κ·Ό GPSμ κ°μ μΌμλ€μ λ°λ¬λ‘ μΈν΄ κ΅ν΅μλ¨κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ λμ μλ―Όλ€μ λ€μν νλκ³Ό μμ§μ λ±μ λ°μ΄ν°λ€μ΄ μΆμ λκ³ μλ€. κ·Έμ λ°λΌ λμ κ³ν μ°κ΅¬μλ€μ μ μ©ν ν΅μ°°μ μ»κΈ° μν λ€μν λ°μ΄ν° κΈ°λ° λΆμλ€μ μλνκ³ μλ€. λμ κ³ν λΆμΌμ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μν΄ μ°λ¦¬λ λμ κ³ν μ°κ΅¬μλ€κ³Όμ κΈ΄λ°ν νμ
μ μ§ννμλ€. κ·Έλ€μ μ£Όλ μ°κ΅¬λ κ²½λ‘ μ ν λͺ¨λΈλ§μ΄λΌκ³ λΆλ¦¬λ 곡곡μμ κ±° μ΄μ©μλ€μ κ²½λ‘ μ ν νμλ₯Ό μμλ΄κΈ° μν μ°κ΅¬μλ€. νμ
μ κ³Όμ μμ μ°λ¦¬λ κ·Έλ€μ κ²½λ‘ μ ν λͺ¨λΈλ§μ κ³Όμ μ΄ μ§λ νκ³λ₯Ό λ°κ²¬νκ² λμλ€. 첫째λ‘, κ²½λ‘ μ ν λͺ¨λΈλ§μ μ κ³Όμ μ ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ§μνλ μκ°ν λ° μΈν°νμ΄μ€κ° λΆμ¬νμλ€. νΉν κ·Έλ€μ μ°κ΅¬ κ³Όμ μμλ λ°μ΄ν° μκ°νμ λͺ¨λΈλ§μ΄ 체κ³μ μΌλ‘ λ§λ¬Όλ €μμ§ μκ³ ννΈνλμ΄ μμ΄μ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μν μΈμ§μ νλ¦μ΄ λ°©ν΄λ₯Ό λ°μλ€. λμ§Έλ‘, μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ 곡곡μμ κ±° μ¬μ©μλ€μ μΆλ°μ§-λͺ©μ μ§ (OD; origin-destination) μμ§μ ννλ₯Ό νμ
ν μ μλ μλ¨μ΄ λΆμ¬νμλ€. μ΄ λλ¬Έμ μ°κ΅¬μλ€μ κ²½λ‘ μ ν λͺ¨λΈλ§ λ± μ¬λ¬ μ°κ΅¬μμ μμ κ±° μ΄μ©μλ€μ μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ νΉμ±μ λ°μνμ§ λͺ»νλ λ¬Έμ κ° μμλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μμμ μΈκΈν λ κ°μ§ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν λΆμ λ°©μμ μ μνλ€. 첫째λ‘, μ¬μ©μ μνΈμμ©μ ν΅ν κ²½λ‘ μ ν λͺ¨λΈλ§μ΄ κ°λ₯ν μκ°μ λΆμ λκ΅¬μΈ RCMVisλ₯Ό μ μνλ€. μ΄ μμ€ν
μ νμ, λͺ¨λΈλ§, ν΄μμ μΈ κ³Όμ μ μ§μνλ€. νμ κ³Όμ μμλ λΆμκ°λ€μ΄ λ€μν OD λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό νμνκ³ λͺ¨λΈλ§ ν λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό κ²°μ νλλ‘ νλ€. λͺ¨λΈλ§ κ³Όμ μμλ k-λ©λμ΄λ (k-medoids) κ΅°μ§ν λ°©λ²κ³Ό κ²½λ‘-ν¬κΈ° λ‘μ§ (PSL; path-size logit) λͺ¨λΈμ μ±ννμ¬ μ£Όμ΄μ§ λ°μ΄ν°μ λν΄ κ²½λ‘ μ ν λͺ¨λΈλ§μ ν μ μκ² νμλ€. μ΄λ νΉμ§ μ νκ³Ό νμ΄νΌνλΌλ―Έν° μ νμ ν΅ν΄ ν λ²μ λ€μν κ²°κ³Όλ€μ νμΈνκ³ λΉκ΅ν μ μκ² νμλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ ν΄μ κ³Όμ μμλ μ νλ λͺ¨νμ λν΄ λ°μ΄ν° μμ€μ ν΄μμ ν μ μκ² νλ€. μ΄ μμ€ν
μ ν΅ν΄ λΆμκ°λ€μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ»κΈ° μ΄λ €μ λ λ€μν ν΅μ°°λ€μ μ»μ μ μμμ νμΈνμλ€.
λ λ²μ§Έ μ°κ΅¬λ‘, μ°λ¦¬λ μ μ¬ νΉμ§ κ³΅κ° νμμ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ μμ κ±° μ΄μ©μλ€μ λ€μν OD μμ§μ ννλ₯Ό νμ
ν μ μλ λ°©λ²μ μ μνμλ€. μμ κ±° μ΄μ©μλ€μ ν΅νλ€μ μνμ€ (sequence) λ°μ΄ν°λ‘ λνλΌ μ μμμ μ°©μνμ¬ κ·Έλ€μ ν΅ν κΈ°λ‘μ μνμ€ ν¬ μνμ€ (Seq2Seq) λͺ¨νμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ νμ΅μμΌ°λ€. κ·Έ ν, νμ΅λ λͺ¨νμ ν΅ν΄ μ»μ μ μ¬μ νΉμ§λ€μ μ°¨μμΆμλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ 2μ°¨μ 곡κ°μμ λνλ΄μ΄ κ·Έ λΆν¬λ₯Ό νμΈνμλ€. μ°λ¦¬λ μ μ¬ νΉμ§ 곡κ°κ³Ό OD μμ§μ ννλ₯Ό νμν μ μλ μκ°νλ₯Ό λμμΈνμκ³ , κ·Έκ²λ€μ μ΄μ©ν΄ λ€μν μ곡κ°μ νΉμ§λ€μ νμ
ν μ μμλ€. λν μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ μμ§μ ννλ₯Ό κ°λ μ΄μ©μλ€μ κ²½λ‘ μ ν ννλ μ΄λ»κ² λ€λ₯Έμ§μ λν λΆμλ μ§ννμλ€. μ°λ¦¬λ μ μλ λ λ°©λ²μ΄ λμ κ³ν μ°κ΅¬μλ€μ΄ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°ν¨μ μμ΄ λμμ΄ λ κ²μ΄λΌκ³ λ―Ώλλ€.CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Thesis Statement and Research Questions 5
1.2.1 Designing RCMVis: A Visual Analytics System for Route Choice Modeling 5
1.2.2 Discovering OD Movement Behaviors of Different Bicycle Riders Using Latent Feature Exploration 6
1.3 Dissertation Outline 8
CHAPTER 2. Related Work 9
2.1 Route Choice Modeling 9
2.2 Analysis of Movement Behaviors 11
2.3 Visual Analytics of Public Bicycle Sharing System 12
2.4 OD Visualization 13
2.5 Trajectory Visual Analytics 14
CHAPTER 3. RCMVis: A Visual Analytics System for Route Choice Modeling 17
3.1 Background 19
3.1.1 Domain Situation Analysis 19
3.1.2 Data Preprocessing and Abstraction 21
3.1.3 Task Analysis and Abstraction 25
3.2 Route Choice Model 27
3.2.1 Choice Set Generation 27
3.2.2 Model Estimation 29
3.2.3 Goodness of Fit 31
3.2.4 Estimation Contribution Score 32
3.3 The RCMVis Design 32
3.3.1 Exploration Stage 33
3.3.2 Modeling Stage 44
3.3.3 Reasoning Stage 50
3.4 System Implementation 53
3.5 Evaluation 53
3.5.1 Case Study 53
3.5.2 Domain Expert Interview 66
3.6 Discussion 67
3.7 Summary 70
CHAPTER 4. Discovering OD Movement Behaviors of Different Bicycle Riders Using Latent Feature Exploration 71
4.1 Learning Latent Feature Representations 72
4.1.1 Data Description 73
4.1.2 Feature Engineering 76
4.1.3 Model Selection and Implementation 78
4.2 Visualization 80
4.2.1 Rider View 82
4.2.2 OD Filter View 85
4.2.3 Temporal Matrix 86
4.2.4 Spatial Map 87
4.2.5 Station View 88
4.3 Implementation 91
4.4 Results 91
4.4.1 Major Patterns 92
4.4.2 Minor Patterns 100
4.4.3 Outliers 101
4.4.4 Route Choice Modeling 101
4.5 Discussion 103
4.6 Summary 104
CHAPTER 5. Conclusion 106
APPENDIX A. Data Preprocessing in RCMVis 122
A.1 Introduction 122
A.2 Road Network 122
A.3 Route Attribute 123
A.3.1 Route Distance 124
A.3.2 Number of Intersections 124
A.3.3 Number of Traffic Lights 125
A.3.4 Road Type Ratios 126
A.3.5 Bike Lane Ratio 126
A.3.6 Slopes 127
A.3.7 Path Size 128λ°
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