13 research outputs found

    The Logarithmic Derivative and Model-Theoretic Analysability in Differentially Closed Fields

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    This thesis deals with internal and analysable types, mainly in the context of the stable theory of differentially closed fields. Two main problems are dealt with: the construction of types analysable in the constants with specific properties, and a criterion for a given analysable type to be actually internal to the constants. For analysable types, the notion of canonical analyses is introduced. A type has a canonical analysis if all its analyses of shortest length are interalgebraic. Given a finite sequence of ranks, it is constructed, in the theory of differentially closed field, a type analysable in the constants such that it admits a canonical analysis and each step of the analysis is of the given rank. The construction of such a type starts from the well-known example of δ(logδx)=0, whose generic type is analysable in the constants in 2 steps but is not internal to the constants. Along the way, techniques for comparing analyses in stable theories are developed, including in particular the notions of analyses by reductions and by coreductions. The property of the logδ function is further studied when the following question is raised: given a type internal to the constants, is its preimage under logδ, which is 2-step analysable in the constants, ever internal to the constants? The question is answered positively, and a criterion for when the preimage is indeed internal is proposed. Partial results are proven for this conjectured criterion, namely the cases where the group of automorphisms (the binding group) of the given internal type is additive, multiplicative, or trivial. In particular, the conjecture is resolved for generic types of equations of the form δx=f(x) where f is a rational function over the constants. It is discovered that the related problem where logδ is replaced by δ is significantly different, and the analogue of the conjecture fails in this case. Also included in this thesis are two examples asked for in the literature: internality of a particular twisted D-group, and a 2-step analysable set with independent fibres

    Algebraic relations between solutions of Painlev\'e equations

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    We calculate model theoretic ranks of Painlev\'e equations in this article, showing in particular, that any equation in any of the Painlev\'e families has Morley rank one, extending results of Nagloo and Pillay (2011). We show that the type of the generic solution of any equation in the second Painlev\'e family is geometrically trivial, extending a result of Nagloo (2015). We also establish the orthogonality of various pairs of equations in the Painlev\'e families, showing at least generically, that all instances of nonorthogonality between equations in the same Painlev\'e family come from classically studied B{\"a}cklund transformations. For instance, we show that if at least one of α,β\alpha, \beta is transcendental, then PII(α)P_{II} (\alpha) is nonorthogonal to PII(β)P_{II} ( \beta ) if and only if α+βZ\alpha+ \beta \in \mathbb Z or αβZ\alpha - \beta \in \mathbb Z. Our results have concrete interpretations in terms of characterizing the algebraic relations between solutions of Painlev\'e equations. We give similar results for orthogonality relations between equations in different Painlev\'e families, and formulate some general questions which extend conjectures of Nagloo and Pillay (2011) on transcendence and algebraic independence of solutions to Painlev\'e equations. We also apply our analysis of ranks to establish some orthogonality results for pairs of Painlev\'e equations from different families. For instance, we answer several open questions of Nagloo (2016), and in the process answer a question of Boalch (2012).Comment: This manuscript replaces and greatly expands a portion of arXiv:1608.0475

    Model theory, algebra and differential equations

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    In this thesis, we applied ideas and techniques from model theory, to study the structure of the sets of solutions XII - XV I , in a differentially closed field, of the Painlevé equations. First we show that the generic XII - XV I , that is those with parameters in general positions, are strongly minimal and geometrically trivial. Then, we prove that the generic XII , XIV and XV are strictly disintegrated and that the generic XIII and XV I are ω-categorical. These results, already known for XI , are the culmination of the work started by P. Painlevé (over 100 years ago), the Japanese school and many others on transcendence and the Painlevé equations. We also look at the non generic second Painlevé equations and show that all the strongly minimal ones are geometrically trivial

    On algebraic relations between solutions of a generic Painleve equation

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    We prove that if y" = f(y,y',t,\alpha, \beta,..) is a generic Painleve equation (i.e. an equation in one of the families PI-PVI but with the complex parameters \alpha, \beta,.. algebraically independent) then any algebraic dependence over C(t) between a set of solutions and their derivatives (y_1,..,y_n,y_1',..,y_n') is witnessed by a pair of solutions and their derivatives (y_i,y_i',y_j,y_j'). The proof combines work by the Japanese school on "irreducibility" of the Painleve equations, with the trichomoty theorem for strongly minimal sets in differentially closed fields.Comment: 23 page

    Stable domination and independence in algebraically closed valued fields

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    We seek to create tools for a model-theoretic analysis of types in algebraically closed valued fields (ACVF). We give evidence to show that a notion of 'domination by stable part' plays a key role. In Part A, we develop a general theory of stably dominated types, showing they enjoy an excellent independence theory, as well as a theory of definable types and germs of definable functions. In Part B, we show that the general theory applies to ACVF. Over a sufficiently rich base, we show that every type is stably dominated over its image in the value group. For invariant types over any base, stable domination coincides with a natural notion of `orthogonality to the value group'. We also investigate other notions of independence, and show that they all agree, and are well-behaved, for stably dominated types. One of these is used to show that every type extends to an invariant type; definable types are dense. Much of this work requires the use of imaginary elements. We also show existence of prime models over reasonable bases, possibly including imaginaries
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