15,299 research outputs found
Large scale movement analysis from WiFi based location data
Understanding and modeling the way humans move in urban contexts is beneficial for many applications. The recent advances on positioning technologies, namely those based on the ubiquity of wireless networks, is facilitating the observation of people for human motion analysis. In this paper we present the result of a large scale work conducted to study the human mobility in a University’s campuses. The study was conducted along several months, using data collected from thousands of users that freely moved inside the numerous buildings existent in two University campuses and a few other buildings in the city center. A Wi-Fi infrastructure of more than 550 access points provides Internet access to the academic community. We tracked the user movements by logging the devices connected to each access point. Based on that data, an analysis process that highlights the relationships between space features and human motion has been developed. In this paper we introduce the concepts of “place connectivity” and “flow across a boundary” to model these relationships. Results show the mobility patterns detected, which are the attraction places along the day, and what places are more strongly connected. This paper also includes an analysis of the short and long term movements between places. With this study we extended our understanding of the life in the campus, enabling us to feel the campus “pulse”.This work was supported by the FEDER program through the COMPETE and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), within the context of projects SUM – Sensing and Understanding human Motion dynamics (reference PTDC/EIA-EIA/113933/2009) and TICE.Mobilidade (COMPETE 13843)
Sensing motion using spectral and spatial analysis of WLAN RSSI
In this paper we present how motion sensing can be obtained just by observing the WLAN radio signal strength and its fluctuations. The temporal, spectral and spatial characteristics of WLAN signal are analyzed. Our analysis
confirms our claim that ’signal strength from access points appear to jump around more vigorously when the device is moving compared to when it is still and the number of detectable access points vary considerably while the user is on the move’. Using this observation, we present a novel motion detection algorithm, Spectrally Spread Motion Detection (SpecSMD) based on the spectral analysis of
WLAN signal’s RSSI. To benchmark the proposed algorithm, we used Spatially Spread Motion Detection (SpatSMD), which is inspired by the recent work of Sohn et al. Both algorithms were evaluated by carrying out extensive measurements
in a diverse set of conditions (indoors in different buildings and outdoors - city center, parking lot, university campus etc.,) and tested against the same
data sets. The 94% average classification accuracy of the proposed SpecSMD is outperforming the accuracy of SpatSMD (accuracy 87%). The motion detection algorithms presented in this paper provide ubiquitous methods for deriving the
state of the user. The algorithms can be implemented and run on a commodity device with WLAN capability without the need of any additional hardware support
Inferring Person-to-person Proximity Using WiFi Signals
Today's societies are enveloped in an ever-growing telecommunication
infrastructure. This infrastructure offers important opportunities for sensing
and recording a multitude of human behaviors. Human mobility patterns are a
prominent example of such a behavior which has been studied based on cell phone
towers, Bluetooth beacons, and WiFi networks as proxies for location. However,
while mobility is an important aspect of human behavior, understanding complex
social systems requires studying not only the movement of individuals, but also
their interactions. Sensing social interactions on a large scale is a technical
challenge and many commonly used approaches---including RFID badges or
Bluetooth scanning---offer only limited scalability. Here we show that it is
possible, in a scalable and robust way, to accurately infer person-to-person
physical proximity from the lists of WiFi access points measured by smartphones
carried by the two individuals. Based on a longitudinal dataset of
approximately 800 participants with ground-truth interactions collected over a
year, we show that our model performs better than the current state-of-the-art.
Our results demonstrate the value of WiFi signals in social sensing as well as
potential threats to privacy that they imply
Defending against Sybil Devices in Crowdsourced Mapping Services
Real-time crowdsourced maps such as Waze provide timely updates on traffic,
congestion, accidents and points of interest. In this paper, we demonstrate how
lack of strong location authentication allows creation of software-based {\em
Sybil devices} that expose crowdsourced map systems to a variety of security
and privacy attacks. Our experiments show that a single Sybil device with
limited resources can cause havoc on Waze, reporting false congestion and
accidents and automatically rerouting user traffic. More importantly, we
describe techniques to generate Sybil devices at scale, creating armies of
virtual vehicles capable of remotely tracking precise movements for large user
populations while avoiding detection. We propose a new approach to defend
against Sybil devices based on {\em co-location edges}, authenticated records
that attest to the one-time physical co-location of a pair of devices. Over
time, co-location edges combine to form large {\em proximity graphs} that
attest to physical interactions between devices, allowing scalable detection of
virtual vehicles. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using
large-scale simulations, and discuss how they can be used to dramatically
reduce the impact of attacks against crowdsourced mapping services.Comment: Measure and integratio
Navigating MazeMap: indoor human mobility, spatio-logical ties and future potential
Global navigation systems and location-based services have found their way
into our daily lives. Recently, indoor positioning techniques have also been
proposed, and there are several live or trial systems already operating. In
this paper, we present insights from MazeMap, the first live indoor/outdoor
positioning and navigation system deployed at a large university campus in
Norway. Our main contribution is a measurement case study; we show the spatial
and temporal distribution of MazeMap geo-location and wayfinding requests,
construct the aggregated human mobility map of the campus and find strong
logical ties between different locations. On one hand, our findings are
specific to the venue; on the other hand, the nature of available data and
insights coupled with our discussion on potential usage scenarios for indoor
positioning and location-based services predict a successful future for these
systems and applications.Comment: 6 pages, accepted at PerMoby Workshop at IEEE PerCom 201
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