Immune modulation after long-term karate practice

Introduction: Karate is a Japanese martial arts system which traces its roots back to China, and is nowadays widely popular both as a method of self-defense, as well as a discipline with potential physical and psychological benefits. However, karate has been scarcely investigated from a psychobiological perspective, and its effects on the immune system remain virtually unknown. Therefore, we designed the present study with the aim of analyzing the effects of several years of regular karate practice on different immune parameters. Methods: 27 healthy volunteer subjects participated in the study, 15 being allocated to the experimental group, and 12 to the control group. Experimental subjects were all karate players who had practiced this martial art for a minimum of three years. Blood samples for the quantification of immune parameters (leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE) were taken in both groups. As statistical analysis, a t-test for independent groups was performed in each dependent variable. Results: Compared to the control group, karate practitioners exhibited a significantly higher number of leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes, as well as greater serum concentrations of IgG and IgM. Conclusions: Our findings show that long-term karate practice is related to a broad modulation of immune parameters, including leukocytes counts as well as immunoglobulin concentrations. This peculiar immunomodulatory profile, apart from its psychobiological relevance, may have noteworthy clinical implications. Further investigation would be necessary to fully elucidate the influence that long-term karate training can exert on the immune system.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL PELATIH DENGAN KECEMASAN BERTANDING PADA ATLET KARATE

Kejuaraan-kejuaraan dalam dunia olahraga banyak dipertandingkan dalam berbagai jenis atau tingkatan. Atlet-atlet yang mengikuti sebuah kejuaraan dapat merasakan adanya kecemasan bertanding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial pelatih dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet karate. Subjek penelitian ini adalah atlet karate yang pernah mengikuti Kejuaraan Provinsi Karate FORKI Jawa Tengah Tahun 2016. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 90 orang, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel convenience sampling. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan Skala Dukungan Sosial Pelatih (44 aitem valid; α = .96) dan Skala Kecemasan Bertanding (31 aitem valid; α = .90) yang telah diujicobakan pada 35 atlet karate. Analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang negatif dan signifikan antara dukungan sosial pelatih dengan kecemasan bertanding yang ditunjukkan melalui koefisien korelasi rxy = -.31 dengan p = .002 (p<.01). Semakin tinggi dukungan sosial pelatih yang dirasakan oleh atlet, maka kecemasan bertanding semakin rendah, dan sebaliknya. Dukungan sosial pelatih memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 9.3% pada kecemasan bertanding. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi atlet dan pelatih, maupun referensi pendukung bagi peneliti selanjutnya. Kata kunci: dukungan sosial pelatih; kecemasan bertanding; atlet karat

Assessment of hormonal parameters in long-term karate Practitioners

Introduction: Karate is a Japanese martial art which is widely practiced in the Western world as a form of self-defense, as well as a discipline to achieve physical and mental balance.However, little is known with respect to its specific psychobiological effects, particularly in relation to the influence that karate may exert on the endocrine system. Thus, in the present study we analyzed the effects of regular karate practice on several hormonal parameters. Methods: 27 healthy volunteer subjects participated in the study, of whom 15 were allocated to the experimental group, and 12 were assigned to the control group. Experimental subjects were karate players with a minimum of 3 years of practice in this discipline. Blood samples for the quantification of hormonal parameters (TSH, T3, T4, PTH, ACTH, cortisol, and DHEA) were taken in both groups. To compare the means of the control and experimental group, a t-test for independent groups was performed in each dependent variable. Results: Significant differences between the experimental and control group were found in T3, T4, and cortisol, with karate players showing lower blood levels of these hormones than control. Conclusions: These findings reveal that long-term karate practice is associated to a significant endocrine modulation, which suggests interesting psychobiological implications, and lends itself to potential clinical considerations. Further research is needed to properly assess the scope of the peculiar hormonal profile displayed by advanced karate practitioners.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Usage of group AHP approach in karate agility test selection

Karate is one of the most popular martial art styles in the world as well as a popular sport in Iran. Successful performance in karate requires a high level of agility that enables the karateka (karate player) to avoid the opponent’s attacks, and to assume optimal position for efficient performance of karate techniques. In order to measure agility in karatekas, karate coaches make use of general and available agility tests. However, there are many agility tests but coaches need to know which one is the best test for karatekas. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data were collected from six karate experts’ opinions in order to weight and rank agility tests specifically to select the best agility test. AHP approach allows the weight of each criterion from each expert to be computed in geometrical mean. As a result, based on experts’ opinion and using Group AHP approach, the best validated agility test for Karate is Illinois test. This paper describes the usage of the group AHP approach in selecting the most appropriate agility test for karate. It discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of using this approach. It also suggests how the approach can be used in sports research

HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DENGAN TINGKAT AGRESIVITAS ATLET BELADIRI KARATE (Studi Deskriptif di UKM Karate UPI)

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai hubungan kecerdasan emosional dengan tingkat agresivitas atlet UKM karate UPI. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikan hubungan kecerdasan emosianal dengan tingkat agresivitas atlet UKM karate UPI. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Populasi atlet UKM karate UPI berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel atlet UKM karate UPI sebanyak 15 orang yang diambil dengan teknik sampel keseluruhan (total sampling). Instrumen tes angket kecerdasan emosional dan tingkat agresivitas. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan korelasional sederhana, diperoleh bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan kecerdasan emosional dengan tingkat agresivitas atlet UKM karate UPI dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0.86 yang berarti kecerdasan emosional memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan tingkat agresivitas atlet UKM karate UPI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, penulis memberikan saran bahwa dalam pembinaan atlet kecerdasan emosional perlu ditingkatkan, karena kecerdasan emosional dapat mempengaruhi tingkat agresivitas atlet, sehingga berdampak pada prestasi atlet, karena semakin tinggi kecerdasan emosional semakin baik tingkat agresivitas atlet. ---------- This research explained about the relationship of Emotional Intelligence with The Level of Aggressiveness Athletes Karate on student activity units in UPI. The purpose of this research was to find out the level of emotional intelligence significant correlation with the level of aggressiveness athletes karate on student activity units in UPI. The research used descriptive method. The population of karate athletes on student activity units in UPI consist 15 students. The sample of athletes karate on students activity units in UPI consisted 15 students were taken with the overall technique samples (total sampling). The instrument used questionnaire test. Data processing technique used simple correlations, show that there was a significant relationship emotional intelligence with the level of aggressiveness athlete karate in UPI with a correlations coeffisien of 0.86 which means the emotional intelligence has a strong relationship with the level of aggressiveness athlete karate in UPI. Based on the result, the writer suggest that the emotional intelligence coaching athletes need to be improve, because emotional intelligence can be affect the level of aggressiveness of athletes. So the impact on the athletes performance, because the higher emotional intelligence the better level of aggressiveness athlete

MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN KATA BEREGU KARATE : Studi Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dilakukan pada ekstrakurikuler karate SMA Negeri 1 Baleendah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial siswa melalui pembelajaran kata beregu karate, metode yang digunakan adalah peneltian tindakan kelas, dengan populasi/sampel penelitian siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler karate di SMA Negeri 1 Baleendah sebanyak 30 siswa. Desain dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada rancangan penelitian yang dikembangkan oleh Kurt Lewin yang terdiri dari (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) observasi, dan (4) refleksi. Menggunakan instrument lembar observasi, catatan lapangan dan dokumentasi, perolehan data dari pra-siklus sampai siklus 2 tindakan 2 dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus persentase untuk diketahui peningkatannya. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa melalui pembelajaran karate pada nomor kata beregu dapat mengembangkan keterampilan sosial siswa kelas ekstrakurikuler karate. Hal itu dapat diketahui dari jumlah hasil nilai penelitian yaitu pada saat pra siklus 41,39% dan pada siklus 2 tindakan 2 yaitu 65,00%. Dengan demikian penerapan pembelajaran kata beregu karate dapat mengembangkan keterampilan sosial siswa. Peneliti juga merekomendasikan bahwa untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial siswa salah satunya menggunakan pembelajaran karate pada nomor kata beregu. Kata kunci: Keterampilan sosial siswa, Pembelajaran kata beregu karate This research is aimed to increase students’ social skill throught learning a group of kata in karate, the used method is classroom action research, with 30 students who attend the extracurricular of karate in SMA Negeri 1 Baleendah as students research population. The design in this research refers to the research plan that is developed by Kurt Lewin vonsists of (1) Planning (2) Implementation (3) Observation and (4) Reflection. Using the instrument is observation sheet, field note and documentation, obtained data from pre-cycle to cycle 2 action 2 analzed by using percentage formula to know its increasing. The result of analizing data shows that trought the learning of karate especially a group of kata can develop students’ social skill in attending extracurricular of karate. It can be khown from number of research percentage result that show at pre-cycle only 41.39% and at cycle 2 and action 2 show 65.00%. it means that the application of learning a kata group in karate can develop students’ social skill. This research also recommends that to develop students’ social skill is better use learning karate especially a group of kata. Keywords: students’ social skill, learning a group of kata in karat

Budo as philosophical background of Karate-Do: does the training method really matter?

Background. The practice of Japanese originated martial arts, like Karate-Do, is associated with an individual “path of enlightment” or the way of living (Do), that surpasses the athletic practice for itself. The concept of Budo, with all values, moral principles and patterns of behaviour, is traditionally linked to this path or way, being the philosophical background of the practice. The globalisation of the Karate-Do have created two main ways or training methods with different main goals – traditional one and sports Karate-Do. Problem. The main objective of this study is to compare the evaluations of different Budo- associated aspects, values, principles and domains, to find the differences between karateka who are engaged in both training methods. Method. A questionnaire was applied, in Portugal, to a group of 78 karateka with more than two years of continued training, who are engaged or use a traditional or sports training method. Results. The results show a high and similar evaluation scores of all items questioned on both training methods, only with single and not consistent differences. Conclusion. Without generalising, we can assume that karateka observe the philosophical background of Karate-Do (Budo) in only one way, even when they are engaged in different methods of practice with different main goals. So, Karate-Do philosophy is one,only daily practices in dojo and goals differ. However, further investigation is needed to support these conclusions

Effect of Aging on the Lower Limb Kinematics in Karate Practitioners: Comparing Athletes and Their Senseis

With the life expectancy increasing, older adult population has gained the attention of many researchers. Aging is known to lead to a general decline in bodily functions, which affect the quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze how the aging process affects veteran active karate practitioners, in the kinematic and temporal structure of the frontal kick. Nine black belt karate practitioners over 50 years old and 24 black belt karate practitioners, aged between 20 and 30 years old, all male, performed the frontal kick mae-geri. Results showed that knee is the structure that holds most differences between young and veterans, both for linear and for angular variables during the mae-geri performance. Statistical differences were found in linear velocity for the knee; linear acceleration of the knee, hip, and RASIS; maximum angular velocity for knee and hip; maximum angular acceleration for ankle and hip; and in the range of motion of knee. The temporal variables show differences, between groups, in maximum linear velocity, maximum linear acceleration, and maximum angular acceleration. However, no differences were found between groups for the time before contact in the maximum linear and angular acceleration, which allow us to remark both the effects of the aging process and the effect of training. This study corroborates the ability of older people to achieve benefits from sports practice, achieving higher efficiency than the younger adults in task execution, but using different motor control strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PROFIL DOJO KARATE SCHREUDER KOTA SALATIGA TAHUN 2009-2013

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui : (1) Organisasi kepengurusan Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga dari tahun 2009-2013 (2) Metode pembinaan pada Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga dari tahun 2009-2013 (3) Sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga dari tahun 2009-2013 (4) Program latihan yang diterapkan oleh Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga dari tahun 2009-2013 (5) Prestasi yang pernah diraih Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga dari tahun 2009-2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik analisis dokumentasi, observasi/pengamatan dan wawancara secara langsung terhadap para pengurus, pelatih dan atlet. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model analisis yang meliputi komponen (1) Pengumpulan data (2) Reduksi data (3) Sajian data (4) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebagai berikut (1) Organisasi di Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga baik, karena di dalam organisasi tersebut telah dilengkapi dengan unsur-unsur yang mendukung jalannya organisasi serta adanya pembagian tugas pengurus sesuai dengan fungsinya. (2) Pembinaan prestasi yang dilaksanakan Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga baik, karena pembinaan yang dilakukan meliputi tahap-tahap pembinaan yaitu seleksi, pembibitan, dan pemanduan bakat guna mendapatkan atlet yang terbaik. (3) Prasarana dan sarana yang dimiliki Dojo Karate Schreuder Salatiga baik, karena dapat mendukung kelancaran latihan maupun kegiatan yang dilakukan guna memajukan prestasi atletnnya