The Marketing Philosophy and Challenges for the New Millennium

The world has changed a lot during this millennium and it still keeps changing. For this reason it sounds logical, that together with these changes marketing faces a lot of challenges which need to be overcome. That is why the second purpose of this paper is to define the challenges for marketing in the new millennium. Both theoretical considerations will be applied to the selected practical cases from international and Lithuanian markets.marketing, marketing orientations, philosophy, millennium challenges, Starbucks, Coffee Inn, the USA, Lithuania

Escherichia coli K1 RS218 Interacts with Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells via Type 1 Fimbria Bacteria in the Fimbriated State

Escherichia coli K1 is a major gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis. E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are a prerequisite for E. coli penetration into the central nervous system in vivo. In the present study, we showed using DNA microarray analysis that E. coli K1 associated with HBMEC expressed significantly higher levels of the fim genes compared to nonassociated bacteria. We also showed that E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of HBMEC were significantly decreased with its fimH deletion mutant and type 1 fimbria locked-off mutant, while they were significantly increased with its type 1 fimbria locked-on mutant. E. coli K1 strains associated with HBMEC were predominantly type 1 fimbria phase-on (i.e., fimbriated) bacteria. Taken together, we showed for the first time that type 1 fimbriae play an important role in E. coli K1 binding to and invasion of HBMEC and that type 1 fimbria phase-on E. coli is the major population interacting with HBMEC

VLBI Imagings of Kilo-parsec Knot in 3C 380

We investigate observational properties of a kilo-parsec scale knot in radio-loud quasar 3C 380 by using two epoch archival data obtained by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at 5 GHz on 1998 July and 2001 April. We succeed in obtaining the highest spatial resolution image of the bright knot K1 located at 732 milliarcseconds, or more than 20 kpc de-projected, downstream from the nucleus three times better than previously obtained highest resolution image by Papageorgiou et al. (2006). Our images reveal, with new clarity, "inverted bow-shock" structure in K1 facing the nucleus and its morphology resembles a conical shock wave. By comparing the two epoch images directly, we explore the kinematics of K1 and obtain the upper limit of apparent velocity, 0.25 mas/yr or 9.8 c of K1 for the first time. The upper limit of apparent velocity is marginally smaller than superluminal motions seen in the core region. Further new epoch VLBI observations are necessary to measure the proper motion at K1.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Some Wolstenholme type congruences

In this paper we give an extension and another proof of the following Wolstenholme's type curious congruence established in 2008 by J. Zhao. Let s and l be two positive integers and let p be a prime such that p ls + 3. Then H(fsgl; p1) S(fsgl; p1) 8>>< >>: s(ls + 1)p2 2(ls + 2) Bpls2 (mod p3) if 2 - ls (1)l1 sp ls + 1 Bpls1 (mod p2) if 2 j ls: APs an application, for given prime p 5, we obtain explicit formulae for the sum 1 k1< <kl p1 1=(k1 kl) (mod p3) if k 2 f1; 3; : : : ; p 2g, and for the sum P 1 k1< <kl p1 1=(k1 kl) (mod p2) if k 2 f2; 4; : : : ; p 3

Multiple human herpesvirus-8 infection

In Malawian patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and their relatives, we investigated nucleotide-sequence variation in human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) subgenomic DNA, amplified from oral and blood samples by use of polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four people had amplifiable HHV-8 DNA in >1 sample; 9 (38%) were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, 21 (88%) were anti-HHV-8-seropositive, and 7 (29%) had KS. Sequence variation was sought in 3 loci of the HHV-8 genome: the internal repeat domain of open-reading frame (ORF) 73, the KS330 segment of ORF 26, and variable region 1 of ORF K1. Significant intraperson/intersample and intrasample sequence polymorphisms were observed in 14 people (60%). For 3 patients with KS, intraperson genotypic differences, arising from nucleotide sequence variations in ORFs 26 and K1, were found in blood and oral samples. For 2 other patients with KS and for 9 people without KS, intraperson genotypic and subgenotypic differences, originating predominantly from ORF K1, were found in oral samples; for the 2 patients with KS and for 4 individuals without KS, intrasample carriage of distinct ORF K1 sequences also were discernible. Our findings imply HHV-8 superinfection

Determination of stress intensity factors for interface cracks under mixed-mode loading

A simple technique was developed using conventional finite element analysis to determine stress intensity factors, K1 and K2, for interface cracks under mixed-mode loading. This technique involves the calculation of crack tip stresses using non-singular finite elements. These stresses are then combined and used in a linear regression procedure to calculate K1 and K2. The technique was demonstrated by calculating three different bimaterial combinations. For the normal loading case, the K's were within 2.6 percent of an exact solution. The normalized K's under shear loading were shown to be related to the normalized K's under normal loading. Based on these relations, a simple equation was derived for calculating K1 and K2 for mixed-mode loading from knowledge of the K's under normal loading. The equation was verified by computing the K's for a mixed-mode case with equal and normal shear loading. The correlation between exact and finite element solutions is within 3.7 percent. This study provides a simple procedure to compute K2/K1 ratio which has been used to characterize the stress state at the crack tip for various combinations of materials and loadings. Tests conducted over a range of K2/K1 ratios could be used to fully characterize interface fracture toughness

Creative and innovative ways to teach English: You make the difference

The Malaysian education scene is under going seismic change as we move from years of tried and tested rote learning strategies and venture towards advocating creative thinking skills. In keeping with the demands of globalization, there is deliberate effort to depart from an examination oriented system, often deemed the malaise of the Asian society, to one of creative learning. In order to encourage students to concentrate and participate in the class, teachers need to be creative and innovative. A wide variety of materials and methods of teaching should be explored as students come in different packages with different learning styles and capabilities. But perennial problems plague both the novice and the experienced teacher. The innovative teacher can extract information from texts, audio and visual sources of information for teaching purposes. This paper seeks to inform, to motivate and to explore the many possibilities of making out-of-the-box teaching a reality. Based on classroom and journalistic research across Malaysian schools and universities, this paper deals with the challenges that teachers face and provides practical classroom ideas on how to wear Edward De Bono’s thinking hats in the very mundane classroom. This paper will focus on the following issues: 1.How to generate interest among students, 2.How to make use of everyday objects to bring fun into the classroom, 3. Task-based teaching/ Activity centred teaching, 4. Problems that teachers and students face (ESL context), 5. Thematic teaching methods - across the 4 skill