9,313 research outputs found

    Physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: Evidence from the CHARLS

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    BackgroundDepressive symptoms are a serious public health problem that affects the mental health of older adults. However, current knowledge of the association between ADL disability and physical dysfunction and depressive symptoms in Chinese adults is insufficient. We intend to analyze the association between physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults.MethodsThe data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2015 and 2018) (CHARLS). This includes 3,431 in 2015 and 3,258 in 2018 over the age of 60. Comparing 2015 and 2018 data, multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in urban and rural older adults, adjusting for sociodemographic factors associated with depression in older adults.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults in China was 33.8 percent in 2015 and 50.6 percent in 2018. In baseline data from 2015 and 2018, residence, gender, marital status, drinking, physical function, ADL, and self-rated health were all found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. The differences in physical function, ADL and depressive symptoms among older adults in 2015 and 2018 were further analyzed based on urban and rural stratification. Both physical dysfunction and ADL disability were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in rural older adults in 2015 and 2018. And in urban areas, ADL was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in urban older adults. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ADL disability was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among older adults in both urban and rural areas. Physical dysfunction was only significant in rural areas with depressive symptoms. The alpha level was instead set to 0.05 for all statistical tests.ConclusionRural, female, 60–70 years of age, primary school or below, married, non-smoking, non-drinking, physical dysfunction, ADL disability and self-rated poor health make-up a higher proportion of depressed older adults. ADL disability and physical dysfunction were more likely to be associated with depressive symptoms in rural Chinese older adults. Therefore, the physical and mental health of rural elderly should be of concern. The rural older adults should receive additional support from the government and society

    GENDER EQUITY LANDSCAPE IN HIGHER EDUCATION DURING PANDEMIC YEARS: LINKING ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES TO TEACHERS’ MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY

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    This study sought to ascertain how organizational strategies affected gender equity in a teacher’s morale and productivity among male, female, and nonbinary faculty at Jose Rizal Memorial State University, utilizing a descriptive correlational research design with the use of standardized tests. The frequency count, percent, mean, Chi-square, and Pearson R statistical tests were used to total, tabulate, and further analyze and interpret the results. The findings showed a substantial association, demonstrating how organizational practices have an effect on a teacher's level of morale. The organization may implement leadership development programs to prepare upcoming deans or associate deans for their positions. Organizational practices and faculty production in research were not significantly correlated, however there was a strong correlation between organizational practices and faculty productivity in instruction and community services. Gender equity within an organization can stimulate improvements in instruction and performance in extension but does not lead to research productivity among the faculty of the university. Thus, the deans and associate deans may include in their PPMP the purchase of classroom supplies, equipment, and other audio-visual aids and projection equipment. Furthermore, a staff may be hired in the college to assist the faculty with encoding, designing, and developing instructional materials. On the other hand, gender equality among university teachers does not result in increased productivity in research. The college may conduct action research to explore the factors that may affect the research productivity of the male, female, and nonbinary faculty. Furthermore, the proposed "Action Plan for Monitoring and Evaluating Gender Equity in Institutional Work Plans and Activities" may be utilized to sustain gender equity in educational institutions

    Effects of lower extremity physical activity on shoulder biomechanics and functional recovery in the early phase after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in male patients: a retrospective study

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    Surgeons widely use arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) to restore biomechanics and function in patients with rotator cuff tears. However, patients show severe pain early after ARCR, and their physical activity level decreases sharply. This study aimed to determine the effect of lower extremity physical activity on shoulder pain, biomechanics, and functional recovery in the early phase after ARCR. This retrospective study included 103 male patients according to the inclusion criteria. We classified subjects into high physical activity (HPA, n = 49) and low physical activity (LPA, n = 54) groups according to the classification criteria. For analysis, we measured the visual analog scale (VAS) score, range of motion (ROM), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and grip strength preoperatively and six weeks postoperatively. In comparing the HPA and LPA groups at six weeks postoperatively, the VAS score was significantly lower in the HPA group (p < 0.001). The ROM of forward flexion (p = 0.001), abduction (p = 0.005), and external rotation (p = 0.001) of the shoulder was also significantly greater in the HPA group. In particular, the ASES score (p < 0.001) and grip strength (p < 0.001) showed significant improvement only in the HPA group. Patients with higher levels of physical activity after ARCR showed lower subjective pain and faster biomechanical and functional recovery than those with lower levels of physical activity. Therefore, even if the involved shoulder has restrictions during the early phase after ARCR, it is vital to actively recommend physical activity such as walking, stationary cycling, and climbing stairs using the lower extremities

    Operational Modal Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Measure of 2-Month Exercise Intervention Effects in Sedentary Older Adults with Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment

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    The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators) found that diabetes significantly increases the overall burden of disease, leading to a 24.4% increase in disability-adjusted life years. Persistently high glucose levels in diabetes can cause structural and functional changes in proteins throughout the body, and the accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain that can be associated with the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). To address this burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program was developed based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The prospectively registered clinical trials (NCT04626453, NCT04812288) involved two groups: an Intervention group of older sedentary adults with T2DM and a Control group of healthy older adults who could be either active or sedentary. The completion rate for the 2-month exercise program was high, with participants completing on an average of 89.14% of the exercise sessions. This indicated that the program was practical, feasible, and well tolerated, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also safe, requiring minimal equipment and no supervision. Our paper presents portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based measures that showed muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2), i.e., the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption in muscle, drop during bilateral heel rise task (BHR) and the 6 min walk task (6MWT) significantly (p < 0.05) changed at the post-intervention follow-up from the pre-intervention baseline in the T2DM Intervention group participants. Moreover, post-intervention changes from pre-intervention baseline for the prefrontal activation (both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, q < 0.05) effect at the right superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral, during the Mini-Cog task. Here, operational modal analysis provided further insights into the 2-month exercise intervention effects on the very-low-frequency oscillations (<0.05 Hz) during the Mini-Cog task that improved post-intervention in the sedentary T2DM Intervention group from their pre-intervention baseline when compared to active healthy Control group. Then, the 6MWT distance significantly (p < 0.01) improved in the T2DM Intervention group at post-intervention follow-up from pre-intervention baseline that showed improved aerobic capacity and endurance. Our portable NIRS based measures have practical implications at the point of care for the therapists as they can monitor muscle and brain oxygenation changes during physical and cognitive tests to prescribe personalized physical exercise doses without triggering individual stress response, thereby, enhancing vascular health in T2DM

    2023-2024 Boise State University Undergraduate Catalog

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    This catalog is primarily for and directed at students. However, it serves many audiences, such as high school counselors, academic advisors, and the public. In this catalog you will find an overview of Boise State University and information on admission, registration, grades, tuition and fees, financial aid, housing, student services, and other important policies and procedures. However, most of this catalog is devoted to describing the various programs and courses offered at Boise State

    Physical activity, weight gain, and risk of mortality in adults

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    Why: As low physical activity levels associate with ill health and mortality, continuous monitoring of physical activity levels is needed to inform policy. Identifying aetiology causes for the obesity epidemic is important to prevent population weight gain. However, there are still uncertainties on how physical activity and weight at population level associate over time, and how physical activity and sedentary time collectively influence premature death. Aims and methods: To describe prevalence of device-measured physical activity in adults (40-84 years) in the Seventh Tromsø Study survey 2015-16 (Tromsø7) (Paper I). To examine accelerometry-criterion validity for two physical activity questionnaires (PAQ)s and one sedentary time questionnaire (Paper II). To examine whether occupational (Paper III) and leisure time physical activity (Paper IV) changes from one examination to the next are associated with subsequent body mass index (BMI) changes from the second to a third examination, across Tromsø Study surveys from 1974 to 2016 in prospective cohort designs. To examine associations between device-measured physical activity, sedentary time, and mortality in a one-step individual participant data meta-analysis of four prospective cohort studies (Tromsø7, The Healthy Ageing Initiative 2012-2019, The Norwegian National Physical Activity Survey 2008-09, The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-06) (Paper V). Findings and conclusions: About 70% of all adults met current lower-limit physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week of moderate and vigorous physical activity (Paper I). Processing PAQs in crude groups may attenuate biases associated with self-reported physical activity as it provided clearer patterns of higher device-measured physical activity by higher grouped ranking, while continuous scales of the PAQs showed small correlation magnitudes with device-measured physical activity (Paper II). Population levels of occupational (Paper III) and leisure time (Paper IV) physical activity appear insufficient to prevent weight gain but rather it appears the association is reverse, population weight gain leads to physical activity declines (Paper IV). Physical activity, at any intensity, associates with a substantial lower mortality risk and meeting current lower-limit guidelines ameliorates the higher mortality risk associated with high sedentary time (Paper V). Importance: This thesis highlights the public health gain of increasing population levels of physical activity, and of preventing population weight gain to avoid physical activity declines

    Forholdet mellom fysisk aktivitet og psykiske plager hos ungdomsskoleelever i Tromsø kommune. Resultater fra Ungdata

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    Økte psykiske plager hos ungdom over hele verden, samtidig med at mange ungdommer ikke oppfyller anbefalingene til helsemyndighetene. Forholdet mellom fysisk aktivitet og psykiske plager er ikke statistisk signifikant. Det er observert flere steder kjønnsforskjeller

    Diabetic peripheral neuropathy - advances in diagnosis and treatment

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    Diabetes mellitus is one of the most alarming conditions of the 21st century. The prevalence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes is constantly increasing, which also entails a growing number of patients suffering from its various complications. One of the most common chronic complications is diabetic neuropathy (DN), which is developed by at least 50% of patients with diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent type of DN. Clinically, a non-painful and a painful-DPN can be distinguished. The painful type causes a massive decrease in the quality of life and affects around 30% of individuals with DM. In recent years many instruments have been used to diagnose and treat DPN but none of them seems to be sufficient in early diagnosis and satisfactory symptoms management. To date, there is any gold standard to recognize DNP and usually it is noticed when a patient presents symptoms of neuropathy, which is too late to introduce an effective therapy. The main approaches for patients with DNP focus on improving glycaemic control, lifestyle modifications and pain therapy. Multiple medicaments are used for this purpose, among which SNRIs, TCAs and anticonvulsants are most effective. Non-pharmacologic treatment, such as acupuncture, physical therapy, nerve stimulation, also has been used, however their effectiveness remains uncertain. 

    Pengaruh Latihan Animals Name dan Wall Shoot Terhadap Ketepatan Shooting Free Throw Ditinjau Dari Koordinasi Mata Tangan Mahasiswa STKIP Modern

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    Model latihan animals name dan wall shoot merupakan dua model yang dapat digunakan oleh tenaga pendidik dalam proses pembelajaran berbagai teknik dasar dalam cabang olahraga khususnya bola basket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan pengaruh antara latihan animals name dan wall shoot terhadap ketepatan teknik shooting free throw; (2) perbedaan pengaruh antara mahasiswa yang memiliki koordinasi mata tangan tinggi dan rendah terhdap ketepatan shooting free throw; (3) interaksi antara latihan animals name dan wall shoot serta koordinasi mata tangan tinggi dan rendah terhadap ketepatan shooting free throw mahasiswa STKIP Modern. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial 2x2. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa STKIP Modern Ngawi yang berjumlah 38 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 20 orang yang kemudian dilakukan secara ordinal pairing untuk membagi setiap kelompoknya. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu untuk mengukur ketepatan shooting free throw yaitu drill shoot free throw, sedangkan koordinasi mata tangan menggunakan one-pint image. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu ANOVA two way. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antara latihan animals name dan wall shoot terhadap ketepatan shooting free throw, yang dibuktikan dengan hasil analisis Fhitung sebesar 6,741 dengan nilai sig. sebesar 0,001, dimana mahasiswa yang dilatih menggunakan metode latihan animals name lebih tinggi (baik) dibandingkan dengan latihan wall shoot. (2) ada perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kemampuan sistem koordinasi mata tangan pada komponen ketepatan shooting free throw, yang dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai Fhitung sebesar 32,463 dengan nilai sig. sebesar 0,000, dimana mahasiswa dengan koordinasi mata tangan tinggi lebih tinggi (baik) dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa dengan koordinasi mata tangan rendah. (3) ada interaksi yang signifikan antara latihan animals name dan wall shoot terhadap ketepatan shooting free throw, yang dibuktikan dengan hasil nilai Fhitung 2,294 dengan nilai sig. 0,003, sehingga dari hasil tersebut diketahui bahwasannya ada interaksi antara latihan animals name dengan koordinasi mata tangan tinggi akan dapat menghasilkan ketepatan shooting free throw dalam permainan bola basket yang lebih baik

    Public health at the local level:Promoting child and adolescent health and well-being

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