79,442 research outputs found
GRP78 Mediates Cell Growth and Invasiveness in Endometrial Cancer.
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response activation and altered GRP78 expression can play an important role in a variety of tumors development and progression. Very recently we reported for the first time that GRP78 is increased in endometrial tumors. However, whether GRP78 could play a role in the growth and/or invasiveness of endometrial cancer cells is still unknown. Here we report that the silencing of GRP78 expression affects both cell growth and invasiveness of Ishikawa and AN3CA cells, analyzed by the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and transwell migration assay, respectively. At variance with Ishikawa cells, AN3CA cells showed, besides an endoplasmic reticulum, also a plasma membrane GRP78 localization, evidenced by both immunofluorescence and cell membrane biotinylation experiments. Intriguingly, flow cytometry experiments showed that the treatment with a specific antibody targeting GRP78 C-terminal domain caused apoptosis in AN3CA but not in Ishikawa cells. Induction of apoptosis in AN3CA cells was not mediated by the p53 pathway activation but was rather associated to reduced AKT phosphorylation. Interestingly, immunofluorescence analysis evidenced that endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues displayed, similarly to AN3CA cells, also a GRP78 plasma membrane localization. These data suggest that GRP78 and its plasma membrane localization, might play a role in endometrial cancer development and progression and might constitute a novel target for the treatment of endometrial cancer
Synergistic Formation of Radicals by Irradiation with Both Vacuum Ultraviolet and Atomic Hydrogen: A Real-Time In Situ Electron Spin Resonance Study
We report on the surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as an
example of soft- and bio-materials that occur under plasma discharge by
kinetics analysis of radical formation using in situ real-time electron spin
resonance (ESR) measurements. During irradiation with hydrogen plasma,
simultaneous measurements of the gas-phase ESR signals of atomic hydrogen and
the carbon dangling bond (C-DB) on PTFE were performed. Dynamic changes of the
C-DB density were observed in real time, where the rate of density change was
accelerated during initial irradiation and then became constant over time. It
is noteworthy that C-DBs were formed synergistically by irradiation with both
vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and atomic hydrogen. The in situ real-time ESR
technique is useful to elucidate synergistic roles during plasma surface
modification.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Full electroweak radiative corrections to with GRACE-Loop
We present the full electroweak radiative corrections
to the process at the International
Linear Collider (ILC). The computation is performed with the help of the
GRACE-Loop system. We present the total cross-section and the top quark
forward-backward asymmetry () as a function of the center-of-mass
energy and compare them with the process . We
find that the value of in production is larger than
in production. It is an important result for the
measurement of the top quark forward-backward asymmetry at the ILC. Applying a
structure function method, we also subtract the QED correction to gain the
genuine weak correction in both the scheme and the scheme
(). We obtain numerical values for
which are changing from 2% to -24% when we vary the center-of-mass energy from
360 GeV to 1 TeV.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
The evaluation of control measures against Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia by a mathematical model
We constructed a mathematical model for the transmission of Schistosoma mekongi in Cambodia. The simulation of the model will be instrumental in planning schistosomiasis control measures. The model includes two definitive hosts, humans and dogs, as animal reservoirs. Dogs are recognized to play an important role in schistosomiasis transmission in Cambodia. For the purpose of dealing with age-specific prevalence and intensity of infection, the human population was classified into eight age categories in the model. To describe the seasonal fluctuation of the intermediate host population of S. mekongi, the "Post-Spate Survival" hypothesis was adopted for the population dynamics of Neotricula aperta present in the Mekong River. We carried out simulations to evaluate the effect of universal treatment (UT) and targeted mass treatment (TT) with praziquantel on the reduction in prevalence of S. mekongi. The simulations indicated that biyearly UT for 8 years or yearly TT for 5 years after three courses of yearly UT could reduce the prevalence to below 5% when a UT or TT coverage of 85% of inhabitants was achieved. The simulation suggested that the suppression of S. mekongi in Cambodia would be possible by UT or TT with a high coverage rate.</p
Theory of Current-Induced Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect
By studying the quantum Hall effect of stationary states with high values of
injected current using a von Neumann lattice representation, we found that
broadening of extended state bands due to a Hall electric field occurs and
causes the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect. The Hall conductance agrees
with a topological invariant that is quantized exactly below a critical field
and is not quantized above a critical field. The critical field is proportional
to and is enhanced substantially if the extended states occupy a
small fraction of the system.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX, final version to appear in PR
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