41 research outputs found
The Individual Poverty Incidence of Growth
The canonical approach to analyse the poverty impact of growth is based on the comparison of poverty before and after growth. Measurement tools endorsing this approach fail to capture the different experiences of poverty dynamic in the population: there can be groups of the population made poorer or non-poor made poor by growth. We propose an approach that allows measuring this individual poverty incidence of growth and show how it is related with existing models. We apply our framework to evaluate the poverty impact of growth in Indonesia, by comparing the 1993â2000 with the 2000â07 and 2007â14 growth spells
The individual poverty incidence of growth
The canonical approach to analyse the poverty impact of growth is based on the comparison
of poverty before and after growth. Measurement tools endorsing this approach fail to
capture the different experiences of poverty dynamic in the population: there can be groups
of the population made poorer or non-poor made poor by growth.We propose an approach
that allows measuring this individual poverty incidence of growth and showhowit is related
with existing models.We apply our framework to evaluate the poverty impact of growth in
Indonesia, by comparing the 1993â2000 with the 2000â07 and 2007â14 growth spells
Poverty, Pro-Poor Growth and Mobility: A Decomposition Framework with Application to China
This paper proposes a framework for incorporating longitudinal distributional changes into poverty decomposition. It is shown that changes in the Sen-Shorrocks-Thon index over time can be decomposed into two components?one component reflects the progressivity of income growth among the original poor, the other measures the extent of downward mobility experienced by the incumbent poor. The decomposition is applied to appraising poverty trends in China between 1988 and 1996. The results indicate that the proposed decomposition can complement the widely-used growth-distribution decomposition in providing insights into poverty dynamics.poverty decomposition, Sen index, longitudinal data, China
The Discount Rate in the Evaluation of Project Economic-Environmental Sustainability
The debate about project economic sustainability evaluation from a life cycle perspective
focused on the conventional Life Cycle Costing (LCC). Despite the potentialities of the approach
for evaluating design options at different scales (building/system/component/material), some
limits emerge due to the neoclassical nature of the economic principles on which it is founded. The
most important aspect of this debate is the necessity to clarify how to deal with environmental
costs in the calculation, particularly in the case of public/PPP interventions. Two research topics
emerge for strengthening the capability of LCC to deal with environmental components: (1) the
LCC and environmental quantitative analysis (using Life Cycle Assessment) joint application; (2) the
integration of the environmental dimension into the microeconomic approach, using appropriate
discount rates. As known, these last are particularly relevant for public projects, in which the
time value of money issue becomes crucial in presence of long lifespan analyses and economic
objectives. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore alternative discounting modalities, for
identifying the preferable one, towards an âenvironmental LCC modelâ. The research domain is
therefore on the limits of LCC in dealing with environmental cost components, at the time being
poorly studied by the scientific literature: this point represents the missing link which form the basis
for the research problem to be addressed. The research design is focused on the investigation of
environmental hurdle rate technique and the escalation rate approach, as alternatives to the standard
âtime preferenceâ (financial) one. The LCC and the global cost are selected as the main tool for
the analysis, which is founded on an empirical research methodology. The results, obtained by
simulations on a case study (two alternative technological components), confirm the relevance of
the discount rate effect on the Global Cost calculation by modelling some of the potential impacts of
building components on the environment, e.g., the expectations of technological development over
time. By the environmental hurdle rate, the results can even change the final preferability ranking
obtained using financial rates. The value of the work consists of growing the debate on the topic and
supporting environmentally responsible investment decisions in the building construction sector
(new-build/retrofit of existing assets)
Pro-poor growth: concepts and measurement with country case studies
.Poverty, inequality, pro-poor, Korea, Thailand, Vi
Welfare states as lifecycle redistribution machines
Social scientists identify two core functions of modern welfare states as redistribution across
(a) socio-economic status groups (Robin Hood) and (b) âthe lifecycleâ (the piggy bank). But
what is the relative importance of these functions? The answer has been elusive, as the
piggy bank is metaphorical. The intra-personal time-travel of resources it implies is based
on non-quid-pro-quo transfers. In practice, âlifecycle redistributionâ must operate through
inter-age-group resource reallocation in cross-section. Since at any time different birth
cohorts live together, âresource-productiveâ working-aged people are taxed to finance consumption of âresource-dependentâ younger and older people. In a novel decomposition analysis, we study the joint distribution of socio-economic status, age, and respectively (a) all
cash and in-kind transfers (âbenefitsâ), (b) financing contributions (âtaxesâ), and (c) resulting
ânet benefits,â on a sample of over 400,000 Europeans from 22 EU countries. European welfare states, often maligned as ineffective Robin Hood vehicles riddled with Matthew effects,
are better characterized as inter-age redistribution machines performing a more important
second task rather well: lifecycle consumption smoothing. Social policies serve multiple
goals in Europe, but empirically they are neither primarily nor solely responsible for poverty
relief and inequality reduction
Growth and inequality effects on poverty reduction in Italy
This paper deals with the evaluation of poverty sensitivity to growth and distributional changes in Italy, across its regions and over a three- decade period, spanning from 1977 to 2004. We use the "Survey on Household Income and Wealth" (SHIW) of the Bank of Italy to firstly construct growth incidence curves. After estimating the size income distribution, we evaluate the income and the inequality elasticities of poverty. Growth strongly determines the patterns of poverty; however, inequality appears to have strikingly characterized it as well. The difference between North, Centre and South can be due to the different income elasticity of poverty, which in turn depends on the initial conditions of inequality and level of development.-