A Symbolic Interaction Analysis of Waria (Transgender Women) in Makassar - Eastern Indonesia

Transgender women (in Indonesia known as Waria) still experience social stigma and exclusion in society. This phenomenon is interesting to study because it is related to the existence of transgender women in dealing with stigma and social exclusion. This study aims to describe the way transgender women perceive social exclusion and to describe the construction of their knowledge which, despite facing social exclusion, still maintains their existence. This study used a qualitative-phenomenological study method, using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done by conducting observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive using symbolic interaction theory. The results showed that transgender women perceive the stigma and social exclusion they faced was manifested by planned actions in the form of conditional neglect and delay in introducing their existence. They respond to social situations they face with adaptive and not frontal. Transgender women\u27s knowledge construction to maintain their existence is passed through four stages, namely impulse, perception, manipulation, and completion

Classroom Interaction: an Analysis of Teacher Talk and Student Talk in English for Young Learners (Eyl)

This research-based paper presents the investigation on 1) the realization of verbal classroom interaction, 2) types of teacher talk 3) teacher talk implication on student's motivation, 4) student talk and 5) teacher's roles in classroom interaction. Employing a qualitative research design and case study approach, the data for this study were collected in a classroom context where the participants were an English teacher for young leaners and her 15 studentsin one private primary school in Bandung in the form of observation and interview. The results indicate that all of the teacher talk categories of FIAC were revealed covering giving direction, lecturing, asking questions, using student's ideas, praising, criticizing student's behavior and accepting feelings. However, giving direction and lecturing were found as the most frequently used categories among all. In addition, the teacher mostly adopted a role as controller in the classroom as she frequently led the flow of interaction. In terms of student talk, student's response and initiation were revealed in this study. It is also found that student's initiation playsa significant part in the classroom interaction

Classroom Interaction Analysis in Bilingual Science Classes in Sman 4 Denpasar

This study aimed at investigating the classroom interaction types in RSBI class by using FIAC (Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories) system. FIAC system is a system that aims to measure the classroom interaction which has 10 categories, namely (1) accepting feeling, (2) praising and encouraging, (3) accepting or using ideas of student, (4) asking questions, (5) lecturing, (6) giving directions, (7) criticizing or justifying authority, (8) student-talk response, (9) student-talk initiation, and (10) silence. This study was conducted in XI. IPA 1 RSBI in SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar which consisted of thirty six students; twenty one were males and fiveteen were females. This study was carried out based on the case or phenomenon of the growth of RSBI school in Denpasar. For this reason, it is supposed that the classroom interaction of RSBI class will be different from the regular ones. The objectives of this study were to find out the classroom interaction characteristics based on the 10 Flanders categories and to find out the constraints faced by teacher and students in conducting teaching- learning process

Transcriptomic analysis of the interaction geminivirus-tomato

Geminiviridae family is one of the main families of plant pathogenic viruses with large relevance as they cause great losses worldwide in commercial crops and crops destined to food production. Geminiviruses present a little single-stranded DNA genome and a capsid composed of two twin icosahedral parts. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) belongs to the Begomovirus genus and is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. With only 6 viral proteins, this geminivirus must create a proper environment for viral replication, transcription and propagation. Behind the apparent simplicity of geminiviruses lies a complex network of molecular interactions with their host and even their natural vector, which induces a wide variety of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and chromatinic changes in both the plant and the geminivirus. In order to study these changes and decipher the effects of the transmission vector on the infection, we carried out a global approximation of the TYLCV-tomato interaction to generate integrated single-base resolution maps by NGS (next-generation sequencing) of the transcriptome, smallRNAome and methylome of the pathogen and the host. Tomato plants (Moneymaker) were infected with TYLCV under controlled conditions of light and temperature using Agrobacterium tumefaciens or its natural vector. Apical tissue from these plants was collected at different time points (2, 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation), and three biological replicas were generated for each treatment and time. Total RNA and DNA was extracted and analysed by RNA-Seq, smallRNA-Seq and Bisulfite-Seq. The transcriptome of the tomato-TYLCV interaction will be presented and discussed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Finite element analysis of footwear and ground interaction

Military boots are designed to prevent the soft tissue and skeletal structure of the feet from damage under heavy usage. Good slip-resistant tread patterns of the outer-sole are vital to minimise the risk or severity of slipping under demanding conditions, most likely to result in accidents. However, boot design should also offer the customer flexibility, comfort, and shock absorption, be lightweight and be able to operate regardless of the ground surface texture and various weather conditions. The issue of footwear and ground interaction investigated in this study can be classified as a traditional stability problem. Solutions to these problems are often obtained using the theory of perfect plasticity. Therefore, elastic–perfectly plastic theory was adopted in this study and the Drucker-Prager (DP) material model was chosen to model the soil properties. Literature survey showed that little studies exist on the subject of interaction between foot and soft ground, in particular, using numerical modelling methods. However, there are numerous research works on some relevant domains, such as soil–tillage tool interaction, soil–wheel interaction and soil–structure interaction, etc. A three-dimensional finite-element (FE) analysis of a subsoiler cutting with pressurised air injection was performed by employing a DP harden material model without consideration of friction force by Araya and Gao [1]. Saliba [2] undertook elastic–viscoplastic FE modelling for tire/soil interaction and Mouazen and Nemenyi [3, 4] adopted a DP model for analysing soil–tillage tool interaction

Intergenerational Analysis of Social Interaction

We explore the relationship between the social interaction of parents and their offspring from a theoretical and an empirical perspective. Our theoretical framework establishes possible explanations for the intergenerational transfer of social interaction whereby the social interaction of the parent may influence that of their offspring and vice versa. The empirical evidence, based on four data sets covering Great Britain and the U.S., is supportive of our theoretical priors. We find robust evidence of intergenerational links between the social interaction of parents and their offspring supporting the existence of positive bi-directional intergenerational effects in social interaction.Social interation, intergenerational transfer

Numerical analysis of subsoil-reinforced concrete slab interaction

This article presents the numerical modeling of interaction between a reinforced concrete slab and subsoil using ABAQUS. Subsoil was simulated as both homogeneous half-space and inhomogeneous half-space. Reinforcement bars in the concrete slab were accurately modelled allowing capturing a precise deformation profile of the slab in interaction with subsoil. Input data for numerical analysis were adopted from a published work. Results of the study were verified on the basis of comparison with those of the previous study