Flexible Authentication in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a form of Mobile ad-hoc network, to provide communications among nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby fixed roadside equipment. The key operation in VANETs is the broadcast of messages. Consequently, the vehicles need to make sure that the information has been sent by an authentic node in the network. VANETs present unique challenges such as high node mobility, real-time constraints, scalability, gradual deployment and privacy. No existent technique addresses all these requirements. In particular, both inter-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside wireless communications present different characteristics that should be taken into account when defining node authentication services. That is exactly what is done in this paper, where the features of inter-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communications are analyzed to propose differentiated services for node authentication, according to privacy and efficiency needs

Hardware Security of the Controller Area Network (CAN Bus)

The CAN bus is a multi-master network messaging protocol that is a standard across the vehicular industry to provide intra-vehicular communications. Electronics Control Units within vehicles use this network to exchange critical information to operate the car. With the advent of the internet nearly three decades ago, and an increasingly inter-connected world, it is vital that the security of the CAN bus be addressed and built up to withstand physical and non-physical intrusions with malicious intent. Specifically, this paper looks at the concept of node identifiers and how they allow the strengths of the CAN bus to shine while also increasing the level of security provided at the data-link level

Capacity of Infrastructure-Based Cooperative Vehicular Networks

© 2017 IEEE. In this paper, we propose a cooperative communication strategy that explores the combined use of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, mobility of vehicles and cooperation among vehicles and infrastructure to improve the achievable capacity of vehicular network. An analytical framework is developed to model the data dissemination process using this strategy, and a closed form expression of the achievable capacity is obtained, which reveals the relationship between the achievable capacity and its major performance-impacting parameters such as inter-infrastructure distance, radio ranges of infrastructure and vehicles, sensing range of vehicles, transmission rates of V2I and V2V communications, vehicular density and the proportion of vehicles with download requests. Numerical result shows that the proposed cooperative communication strategy significantly increases the capacity of vehicular networks, especially when the proportion of vehicles with download request is low. Our results provide guidance on the optimum deployment of vehicular network infrastructure and the design of cooperative communication strategy to maximize the capacity

Exploring Space – towards high-capacity inter-vehicular communications

This presentation discusses the question “Are there still research challenges in inter-vehicular communications”. The premise is that these may come from autonomous, or rather coordinated driving. I will start with a few results from an earlier project, Connect & Drive, where a system for cooperative adaptive cruise control was researched, designed, and prototyped. We project that for coordinated driving, important challenges are in the area of reliable consensus for coordinated manoeuvres, and high-rate beaconing for increased situational awareness of vehicles. I show that current systems do not suffice for these challenges. In order to increase the scalability of inter-vehicular communications, I propose to explore spatial reuse, by using cheap large-scale antenna arrays and beamforming receivers. This way, a vehicle can be equipped with a large number of receivers, each receiving from a specific (dynamically reconfigurable) direction. Given this idea, I point at important research questions, and argue that for a good understanding, the use of good analytical performance models is of paramount importance

Capacity of Cooperative Vehicular Networks with Infrastructure Support: Multiuser Case

© 1967-2012 IEEE. Capacity of vehicular networks with infrastructure support is both an interesting and challenging problem as the capacity is determined by the interplay of multiple factors including vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, density and mobility of vehicles, and cooperation among vehicles and infrastructure. In this paper, we consider a typical delay-tolerant application scenario with a subset of vehicles, termed Vehicles of Interest (VoIs), having download requests. Each VoI downloads a distinct large-size file from the Internet and other vehicles without download requests assist the delivery of the files to the VoIs. A cooperative communication strategy is proposed that explores the combined use of V2I communications, V2V communications, mobility of vehicles and cooperation among vehicles and infrastructure to improve the capacity of vehicular networks. An analytical framework is developed to model the data dissemination process using this strategy, and a closed-form expression of the achievable capacity is obtained, which reveals the relationship between the capacity and its major performance-impacting parameters such as inter-infrastructure distance, radio ranges of infrastructure and vehicles, sensing range of vehicles, transmission rates of V2I and V2V communications, vehicular density, and proportion of VoIs. Numerical result shows that the proposed cooperative communication strategy significantly boosts the capacity of vehicular networks, especially when the proportion of VoIs is low. Our results provide guidance on the optimum deployment of a vehicular network infrastructure and the design of a cooperative communication strategy to improve the capacity

Cooperation as a Service in VANET: Implementation and Simulation Results

The past decade has witnessed the emergence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), specializing from the well-known Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) wireless communications. While the original motivation for Vehicular Networks was to promote traffic safety, recently it has become increasingly obvious that Vehicular Networks open new vistas for Internet access, providing weather or road condition, parking availability, distributed gaming, and advertisement. In previous papers [27,28], we introduced Cooperation as a Service (CaaS); a new service-oriented solution which enables improved and new services for the road users and an optimized use of the road network through vehicle\u27s cooperation and vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The current paper is an extension of the first ones; it describes an improved version of CaaS and provides its full implementation details and simulation results. CaaS structures the network into clusters, and uses Content Based Routing (CBR) for intra-cluster communications and DTN (Delay and disruption-Tolerant Network) routing for inter-cluster communications. To show the feasibility of our approach, we implemented and tested CaaS using Opnet modeler software package. Simulation results prove the correctness of our protocol and indicate that CaaS achieves higher performance as compared to an Epidemic approach