ISO/EPC Addressing Methods to Support Supply Chain in the Internet of Things

RFID systems are among the major infrastructures of the Internet of Things, which follow ISO and EPC standards. In addition, ISO standard constitutes the main layers of supply chain, and many RFID systems benefit from ISO standard for different purposes. In this paper, we tried to introduce addressing systems based on ISO standards, through which the range of things connected to the Internet of Things will grow. Our proposed methods are addressing methods which can be applied to both ISO and EPC standards. The proposed methods are simple, hierarchical, and low cost implementation. In addition, the presented methods enhance interoperability among RFIDs, and also enjoys a high scalability, since it well covers all of EPC schemes and ISO supply chain standards. Further, by benefiting from a new algorithm for long EPCs known as selection algorithm, they can significantly facilitate and accelerate the operation of address mapping.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.0217

Smart Automation System for Office Environment

A smart automation system for office environment is being designed in this system. Various controlling systems based on lighting, ventilating, luminance are discussed respectively. Various sensors are used to extract the real time information i.e. temperature, light intensity, humidity, smoke, motion sensor are used. This data is send to ARM 11 Controller. It is then send to PC where data is saved. Through Network switch this data is send to other PC’s. The data collected is stored as database and can be accessed anytime. The data is send to the android or any internet enabled device. This system also provides need based emergency services like Ambulance call, fire alarm. Biometric fingerprint is used for security purpose. Manual mode and automatic mode are two alternative modes designed to promote the usability of smart office system. Control of electric lighting fixtures of different office spaces is done

Eficiencia energética y sostenibilidad en edificios a través de procesos "inteligentes"

The construction industry has recently developed new technologies to tackle the increasing complexity of today’s building facilities and systems. Therefore, the term “Intelligent Building” is becoming more often used to identify constructions that are able to integrate simultaneously coexisting systems and subsystems in a building. In addition we start using the term “Smart Building” implying further steps of system integration and interaction. Analysing this subject in detail, there still actually remains the so-called automation isles, as well as to apply extensively the concept of intelligent processing This communication intends to analyse the state of art of the Intelligent Building concept and how the term “intelligent processing” could be applied in order to search a high-level of energy efficiency and sustainability.En los últimos tiempos el mundo de la edificación ha estado marcado por la incorporación de la tecnología para administrar los procesos que se desarrollan en la complejidad creciente de instalaciones y sistemas de un edificio. En esta línea, cada vez es mas utilizado el término “Edificio Inteligente”, para identificar aquellos que son capaces de integrar todos los sistemas y subsistemas que conviven en el edificio; incluso se han empezado a identificar con el termino “Smart Building”, a aquellos que suponen un paso más en la integración e interacción de sistemas. Analizando esta coyuntura con detenimiento, la realidad es que aún persisten las denominadas islas de automatización y realmente queda por aplicar en toda su extensión el concepto de proceso inteligente. Esta comunicación pretende analizar el estado del arte del concepto de edificios inteligentes y las posibilidades de que aplicando mas eficazmente el sentido de “Proceso Inteligente” se podría alcanzar un elevado nivel de Eficiencia Energética y Sostenibilidad

A survey on subjecting electronic product code and non-ID objects to IP identification

Over the last decade, both research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and real-world IoT applications have grown exponentially. The IoT provides us with smarter cities, intelligent homes, and generally more comfortable lives. However, the introduction of these devices has led to several new challenges that must be addressed. One of the critical challenges facing interacting with IoT devices is to address billions of devices (things) around the world, including computers, tablets, smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and embedded computers, and so on. This article provides a survey on subjecting Electronic Product Code and non-ID objects to IP identification for IoT devices, including their advantages and disadvantages thereof. Different metrics are here proposed and used for evaluating these methods. In particular, the main methods are evaluated in terms of their: (i) computational overhead, (ii) scalability, (iii) adaptability, (iv) implementation cost, and (v) whether applicable to already ID-based objects and presented in tabular format. Finally, the article proves that this field of research will still be ongoing, but any new technique must favorably offer the mentioned five evaluative parameters.Comment: 112 references, 8 figures, 6 tables, Journal of Engineering Reports, Wiley, 2020 (Open Access

Context-aware Dynamic Discovery and Configuration of 'Things' in Smart Environments

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a dynamic global information network consisting of Internet-connected objects, such as RFIDs, sensors, actuators, as well as other instruments and smart appliances that are becoming an integral component of the future Internet. Currently, such Internet-connected objects or `things' outnumber both people and computers connected to the Internet and their population is expected to grow to 50 billion in the next 5 to 10 years. To be able to develop IoT applications, such `things' must become dynamically integrated into emerging information networks supported by architecturally scalable and economically feasible Internet service delivery models, such as cloud computing. Achieving such integration through discovery and configuration of `things' is a challenging task. Towards this end, we propose a Context-Aware Dynamic Discovery of {Things} (CADDOT) model. We have developed a tool SmartLink, that is capable of discovering sensors deployed in a particular location despite their heterogeneity. SmartLink helps to establish the direct communication between sensor hardware and cloud-based IoT middleware platforms. We address the challenge of heterogeneity using a plug in architecture. Our prototype tool is developed on an Android platform. Further, we employ the Global Sensor Network (GSN) as the IoT middleware for the proof of concept validation. The significance of the proposed solution is validated using a test-bed that comprises 52 Arduino-based Libelium sensors.Comment: Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments, Studies in Computational Intelligence book series, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 201

Cybersecurity for digital twins in the built environment: current research and future directions

Recent technological developments in the construction industry are seeking to create smart cities by using Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) to enhance information models such as BIM. Currently, BIM models are commonly adopted to work with IoT-based systems and embrace smart technologies that offer interoperability in the communication layer. In future, it is envisioned that digital twins will provide new possibilities for cyber-physical systems via monitoring and simulation. However, rarely in this rapidly developing field is security fully considered. This paper reviews the relevant literature regarding the use of the IoT in the built environment and analyses current practices. It also presents examples of cities that use the IoT to improve construction and the lived experience. Finally, it reviews how digital twins factor in multiple layers defined in CPSs, from physical objects to information models. Based on this review, recommendations are provided documenting how BIM specifications can be expanded to become IoT compliant, enhancing standards to support cybersecurity, and ensuring digital twin and city standards can be fully integrated in future secure smart cities