Kajian keberkesanan olahan larut lesapan menggunakan elektrod aluminum dan ferum dalam sistem elektro-penggumpalan

Elektro-pengumpalan merupakan satu kaedah alternatif yang kompetatif selain daripada kaedah konvesional bagi merawat air sisa terutamanya larut lesapan yang mempunyai struktur bahan pencemar yang kompleks dan tinggi. Kajian keberkesanan elekto-penggumpalan telahpun dijalankan bagi menentukan keberkesanan sistem ini beroperasi. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah bagi mengkaji keberkesanan dan potensi sistem beroperasi dengan menggunakan empat jenis susunan elektrod, Fe-Fe, Al-Al, Fe dan aluminum sulfat di samping penentuan nilai optimum ketumpatan arus elektrik, jarak antara elektrod, masa tindakbalas, pH, masa enapan dan aluminum sulfat. Penggunaan CILAS Analyzer digunakan bagi menentukan saiz flok di setiap penentuan optimum yang diperolehi. Sebanyak 750 liter sampel larut lesapan diambil pada awal bulan Disember 2010 - Januari 2011. Pengujian awalan BOD, COD, pepejal terampai, nitrogen ammonia, warna dan kekeruhan turut diuji terhadap sampel mentah yang diperolehi. Reaktor kaca bersaiz 300mm x 80mm x 200mm (4 L sampel) dengan luas berkesan elektrod penggumpal, 60 sm + - + - -Al , Al -Fe 2 digunakan di samping ujian penyingkiran parameter seperti COD, pepejal terampai, nitrogen ammonia warna dan kekeruhan turut diuji di dalam kajian ini. Hasil keseluruhan kajian mendapati bahawa penggunaan elektrod Al-Al memberikan peratus penyingkiran tertinggi di mana penentuan optimum yang diperolehi bagi ketumpatan arus elektrik adalah 0.025 amp/sm , jarak antara elektrod, 10 cm, masa tindakbalas, 60 minit, pH 5 dan masa enapan, 30 minit. Peratus penyingkiran yang diperolehi bagi COD, pepejal terampai, nitrogen ammonia, warna dan kekeruhan adalah 82.5%, 94.7%, 65.6%, 91% and 90.6%. Percampuran aluminum sulfat terhadap penggunaan elektrod Al-Al memberikan dos optimum sebanyak 1500 mg/l di mana penyingkiran tertinggi yang diperolehi bagi COD, pepejal terampai, nitrogen ammonia, warna dan kekeruhan adalah 84.2%, 81%, 80.3%, 75% and 81.1%. Kesimpulanya, penggunaan elektrod Al-Al dicadangkan, di mana sedikit pra olahan perlu dilakukan bagi menepati piawaian yang dibenarkan oleh Standard Malaysia bagi tahap lepasan larut lesapan. Katakunci: air sisa domestik; Elektro-pengumpalan; larut lesapa

SciTech News Volume 70, No. 4 (2016)

Columns and Reports From the Editor 3 Division News Science-Technology Division 4 SLA Annual Meeting 2016 Report (S. Kirk Cabeen Travel Stipend Award recipient) 6 Reflections on SLA Annual Meeting (Diane K. Foster International Student Travel Award recipient) 8 SLA Annual Meeting Report (Bonnie Hilditch International Librarian Award recipient)10 Chemistry Division 12 Engineering Division 15 Reflections from the 2016 SLA Conference (SPIE Digital Library Student Travel Stipend recipient)15 Fundamentals of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Services (IEEE Continuing Education Stipend recipient) 17 Makerspaces in Libraries: The Big Table, the Art Studio or Something Else? (by Jeremy Cusker) 19 Aerospace Section of the Engineering Division 21 Reviews Sci-Tech Book News Reviews 22 Advertisements IEEE 17 WeBuyBooks.net 2

Research and Education in Computational Science and Engineering

Over the past two decades the field of computational science and engineering (CSE) has penetrated both basic and applied research in academia, industry, and laboratories to advance discovery, optimize systems, support decision-makers, and educate the scientific and engineering workforce. Informed by centuries of theory and experiment, CSE performs computational experiments to answer questions that neither theory nor experiment alone is equipped to answer. CSE provides scientists and engineers of all persuasions with algorithmic inventions and software systems that transcend disciplines and scales. Carried on a wave of digital technology, CSE brings the power of parallelism to bear on troves of data. Mathematics-based advanced computing has become a prevalent means of discovery and innovation in essentially all areas of science, engineering, technology, and society; and the CSE community is at the core of this transformation. However, a combination of disruptive developments---including the architectural complexity of extreme-scale computing, the data revolution that engulfs the planet, and the specialization required to follow the applications to new frontiers---is redefining the scope and reach of the CSE endeavor. This report describes the rapid expansion of CSE and the challenges to sustaining its bold advances. The report also presents strategies and directions for CSE research and education for the next decade.Comment: Major revision, to appear in SIAM Revie

An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climate Impacts and Environmental Interactions

Aerosols exert myriad influences on the earth's environment and climate, and on human health. The complexity of aerosol-related processes requires that information gathered to improve our understanding of climate change must originate from multiple sources, and that effective strategies for data integration need to be established. While a vast array of observed and modeled data are becoming available, the aerosol research community currently lacks the necessary tools and infrastructure to reap maximum scientific benefit from these data. Spatial and temporal sampling differences among a diverse set of sensors, nonuniform data qualities, aerosol mesoscale variabilities, and difficulties in separating cloud effects are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. Maximizing the long-term benefit from these data also requires maintaining consistently well-understood accuracies as measurement approaches evolve and improve. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative processes impact the earth system can be achieved only through a multidisciplinary, inter-agency, and international initiative capable of dealing with these issues. A systematic approach, capitalizing on modern measurement and modeling techniques, geospatial statistics methodologies, and high-performance information technologies, can provide the necessary machinery to support this objective. We outline a framework for integrating and interpreting observations and models, and establishing an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term record, following a strategy whereby information and tools of progressively greater sophistication are incorporated as problems of increasing complexity are tackled. This concept is named the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON). To encompass the breadth of the effort required, we present a set of recommendations dealing with data interoperability; measurement and model integration; multisensor synergy; data summarization and mining; model evaluation; calibration and validation; augmentation of surface and in situ measurements; advances in passive and active remote sensing; and design of satellite missions. Without an initiative of this nature, the scientific and policy communities will continue to struggle with understanding the quantitative impact of complex aerosol processes on regional and global climate change and air quality