Graphs with few trivial characteristic ideals

We give a characterization of the graphs with at most three trivial characteristic ideals. This implies the complete characterization of the regular graphs whose critical groups have at most three invariant factors equal to 1 and the characterization of the graphs whose Smith groups have at most 3 invariant factors equal to 1. We also give an alternative and simpler way to obtain the characterization of the graphs whose Smith groups have at most 3 invariant factors equal to 1, and a list of minimal forbidden graphs for the family of graphs with Smith group having at most 4 invariant factors equal to 1

The degree-distance and transmission-adjacency matrices

Let $G$ be a connected graph with adjacency matrix $A(G)$. The distance matrix $D(G)$ of $G$ has rows and columns indexed by $V(G)$ with $uv$-entry equal to the distance $\mathrm{dist}(u,v)$ which is the number of edges in a shortest path between the vertices $u$ and $v$. The transmission $\mathrm{trs}(u)$ of $u$ is defined as $\sum_{v\in V(G)}\mathrm{dist}(u,v)$. Let $\mathrm{trs}(G)$ be the diagonal matrix with the transmissions of the vertices of $G$ in the diagonal, and $\mathrm{deg}(G)$ the diagonal matrix with the degrees of the vertices in the diagonal. In this paper we investigate the Smith normal form (SNF) and the spectrum of the matrices $D^{\mathrm{deg}}_+(G):=\mathrm{deg}(G)+D(G)$, $D^{\mathrm{deg}}(G):=\mathrm{deg}(G)-D(G)$, $A^{\mathrm{trs}}_+(G):=\mathrm{trs}(G)+A(G)$ and $A^{\mathrm{trs}}(G):=\mathrm{trs}(G)-A(G)$. In particular, we explore how good the spectrum and the SNF of these matrices are for determining graphs up to isomorphism. We found that the SNF of $A^{\mathrm{trs}}$ has an interesting behaviour when compared with other classical matrices. We note that the SNF of $A^{\mathrm{trs}}$ can be used to compute the structure of the sandpile group of certain graphs. We compute the SNF of $D^{\mathrm{deg}}_+$, $D^{\mathrm{deg}}$, $A^{\mathrm{trs}}_+$ and $A^{\mathrm{trs}}$ for several graph families. We prove that complete graphs are determined by the SNF of $D^{\mathrm{deg}}_+$, $D^{\mathrm{deg}}$, $A^{\mathrm{trs}}_+$ and $A^{\mathrm{trs}}$. Finally, we derive some results about the spectrum of $D^{\mathrm{deg}}$ and $A^{\mathrm{trs}}$.Comment: 19 page

Spectral integral variation of signed graphs

We characterize when the spectral variation of the signed Laplacian matrices is integral after a new edge is added to a signed graph. As an application, for every fixed signed complete graph, we fully characterize the class of signed graphs to which one can recursively add new edges keeping spectral integral variation to make the signed complete graph.Comment: 18 pages, 0 figur

Študija izvedljivosti - ekonomska upravičenost postavitve sončne elektrarne

summary:A graph is called distance integral (or $D$-integral) if all eigenvalues of its distance matrix are integers. In their study of $D$-integral complete multipartite graphs, Yang and Wang (2015) posed two questions on the existence of such graphs. We resolve these questions and present some further results on $D$-integral complete multipartite graphs. We give the first known distance integral complete multipartite graphs $K_{p_{1},p_{2},p_{3}}$ with $p_{1}<p_{2}<p_{3}$, and $K_{p_{1},p_{2},p_{3},p_{4}}$ with $p_{1}<p_{2}<p_{3}<p_{4}$, as well as the infinite classes of distance integral complete multipartite graphs $K_{a_{1} p_{1},a_{2} p_{2},\ldots ,a_{s} p_{s}}$ with $s=5,6$