8,632 research outputs found

    Logical disagreement : an epistemological study

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    While the epistemic signiïŹcance of disagreement has been a popular topic in epistemology for at least a decade, little attention has been paid to logical disagreement. This monograph is meant as a remedy. The text starts with an extensive literature review of the epistemology of (peer) disagreement and sets the stage for an epistemological study of logical disagreement. The guiding thread for the rest of the work is then three distinct readings of the ambiguous term ‘logical disagreement’. Chapters 1 and 2 focus on the Ad Hoc Reading according to which logical disagreements occur when two subjects take incompatible doxastic attitudes toward a speciïŹc proposition in or about logic. Chapter 2 presents a new counterexample to the widely discussed Uniqueness Thesis. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on the Theory Choice Reading of ‘logical disagreement’. According to this interpretation, logical disagreements occur at the level of entire logical theories rather than individual entailment-claims. Chapter 4 concerns a key question from the philosophy of logic, viz., how we have epistemic justiïŹcation for claims about logical consequence. In Chapters 5 and 6 we turn to the Akrasia Reading. On this reading, logical disagreements occur when there is a mismatch between the deductive strength of one’s background logic and the logical theory one prefers (oïŹƒcially). Chapter 6 introduces logical akrasia by analogy to epistemic akrasia and presents a novel dilemma. Chapter 7 revisits the epistemology of peer disagreement and argues that the epistemic signiïŹcance of central principles from the literature are at best deïŹ‚ated in the context of logical disagreement. The chapter also develops a simple formal model of deep disagreement in Default Logic, relating this to our general discussion of logical disagreement. The monograph ends in an epilogue with some reïŹ‚ections on the potential epistemic signiïŹcance of convergence in logical theorizing

    UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024

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    The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp

    On the locality of indistinguishable quantum systems

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    This thesis investigates local realism in quantum indistinguishable particle systems, focusing on bosonic, fermionic, and 2D non-abelian anyonic systems. The local realism of quantum indistinguishable particle systems is asserted. It proves annihilation operators represent the local ontic states in these systems. It closes the literature gap on obtaining Deutsch-Hayden descriptors in indistinguishable particle systems. The prima facie paradox of action at a distance using fermionic annihilation operators as descriptors is resolved. The work provides examples of using and interpreting the annihilation operators as local ontic states. It contains the novel construction and characterisation of the annihilation operators for 2 D non-abelian anyonic systems. The explicit form of Fibonacci anyon annihilation operators is provided, and their usefulness is shown in expressing the anyonic Hubbard model Hamiltonian algebraically. By studying the indistinguishable particle systems’ local realistic structure, the thesis showcases the relevance of the choice of subsystem lattice and exotic possible compositions of subsystems

    The Ontology of Haag’s Local Quantum Physics

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    The ontology of Local Quantum Physics, Rudolf Haag’s framework for relativistic quantum theory, is reviewed and discussed. It is one of spatiotemporally localized events and unlocalized causal intermediaries, including the elementary particles, which come progressively into existence in accordance with a fundamental arrow of time. Haag’s conception of quantum theory is distinguished from others in which events are also central, especially those of Niels Bohr and John Wheeler, with which it has been compared

    UMSL Bulletin 2022-2023

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    The 2022-2023 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1087/thumbnail.jp

    Composition-based statistical model for predicting CO2 solubility in modified atmosphere packaging application

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    Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important gas used in modified atmosphere packaging of non-respiring foods where it solubilizes into the aqueous and lipid phases of food and exerts an antimicrobial effect. Prediction of CO2 solubility within food is thus of paramount importance to anticipate its benefit on food preservation. In the present study, machine learning algorithms were applied on a set of 362 values of CO2 solubilities collected from the scientific literature to tentatively predict the solubility as a function of food composition (water, protein, fat and salt content) and temperature. The best option kept was a random forest algorithm that was used to predict CO2 solubility in four food case studies (ham, salmon, cheese and pĂątĂ©) that were further used as input parameters in the MAP’ OPT tool, predicting the evolution of headspace gas composition. Predicted CO2 solubilities used as input parameters succeeded in representing the CO2 headspace dynamic as a function of time in the four case studies.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Hori-zon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 773375 (GLOPACK project

    From G\"odel's Incompleteness Theorem to the completeness of bot beliefs (Extended abstract)

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    Hilbert and Ackermann asked for a method to consistently extend incomplete theories to complete theories. G\"odel essentially proved that any theory capable of encoding its own statements and their proofs contains statements that are true but not provable. Hilbert did not accept that G\"odel's construction answered his question, and in his late writings and lectures, G\"odel agreed that it did not, since theories can be completed incrementally, by adding axioms to prove ever more true statements, as science normally does, with completeness as the vanishing point. This pragmatic view of validity is familiar not only to scientists who conjecture test hypotheses but also to real estate agents and other dealers, who conjure claims, albeit invalid, as necessary to close a deal, confident that they will be able to conjure other claims, albeit invalid, sufficient to make the first claims valid. We study the underlying logical process and describe the trajectories leading to testable but unfalsifiable theories to which bots and other automated learners are likely to converge.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures; version updates: changed one word in the title, expanded Introduction, improved presentation, tidied up some diagram

    Investigating the learning potential of the Second Quantum Revolution: development of an approach for secondary school students

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    In recent years we have witnessed important changes: the Second Quantum Revolution is in the spotlight of many countries, and it is creating a new generation of technologies. To unlock the potential of the Second Quantum Revolution, several countries have launched strategic plans and research programs that finance and set the pace of research and development of these new technologies (like the Quantum Flagship, the National Quantum Initiative Act and so on). The increasing pace of technological changes is also challenging science education and institutional systems, requiring them to help to prepare new generations of experts. This work is placed within physics education research and contributes to the challenge by developing an approach and a course about the Second Quantum Revolution. The aims are to promote quantum literacy and, in particular, to value from a cultural and educational perspective the Second Revolution. The dissertation is articulated in two parts. In the first, we unpack the Second Quantum Revolution from a cultural perspective and shed light on the main revolutionary aspects that are elevated to the rank of principles implemented in the design of a course for secondary school students, prospective and in-service teachers. The design process and the educational reconstruction of the activities are presented as well as the results of a pilot study conducted to investigate the impact of the approach on students' understanding and to gather feedback to refine and improve the instructional materials. The second part consists of the exploration of the Second Quantum Revolution as a context to introduce some basic concepts of quantum physics. We present the results of an implementation with secondary school students to investigate if and to what extent external representations could play any role to promote students’ understanding and acceptance of quantum physics as a personal reliable description of the world
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