Individual and Field Citation Distributions in 29 Broad Scientific Fields

Using a large unique dataset consisting of 35.1 million authors and 105.3 million articles published in the period 2000-2016, which are classified into 29 broad scientific fields, we search for regularities at the individual level for very productive authors with citation distributions of a certain size, and for the existence of a macro-micro relationship between the characteristics of a scientific field citation distribution and the characteristics of the individual citation distributions of the authors belonging to the field. Our main results are the following three. Firstly, although the skewness of individual citation distributions varies greatly within each field, their average skewness is of a similar order of magnitude in all fields. Secondly, as in the previous literature, field citation distributions are highly skewed and the degree of skewness is very similar across fields. Thirdly, the skewness of field citation distributions is essentially explained in terms of the average skewness of individual authors, as well as individuals’ differences in mean citation rates and the number of publications per author. These results have important conceptual and practical consequences: to understand the skewness of field citation distributions at any aggregate level we must simply explain the skewness of the individual citation distributions of their very productive authors.This is the second version of a paper with the same title published in this series in January 2018. J. Ruiz-Castillo acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MEC through grants ECO2014-55953-P and MDM 2014-0431, as well as grant MadEco-CM (S2015/HUM-3444) from the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Research assistantship by Patricia Llopis, as well as conversations with Ricardo Mora, and especially Vincent Traag, are gratefully acknowledged. All remaining shortcomings are the authors’ sole responsibility

Individual and field citation distributions in 29 broad scientific fields

Using an initial dataset consisting of 18.5 million distinct authors and 15 million distinct articles published in the period 2000–2016, which are classified into 29 broad scientific fields, we search for regularities at the individual level for very productive authors with citation distributions of a certain size, and for the existence of a macro-micro relationship between the skewness of a scientific field citation distribution and the characteristics of the individual citation distributions of the authors belonging to the field. Our main results are the following three. Firstly, although the skewness of individual citation distributions varies greatly within each field, their average skewness is of a similar order of magnitude in all fields. Secondly, as in the previous literature, field citation distributions are highly skewed and the degree of skewness is very similar across fields. Thirdly, the skewness of field citation distributions is essentially explained in terms of the average skewness of individual authors, as well as individuals’ differences in mean citation rates and the number of publications per author. These results have important conceptual and practical consequences: to understand the skewness of field citation distributions at any aggregate level we must simply explain the skewness of the individual citation distributions of their very productive authors.Merit, Expertise and Measuremen