Indigo in the nanochannels of zeolite L : towards a new type of colorant

A host-guest based colorant was synthesized by intercalating indigo molecules into the nanochannels of zeolite L (ZL). Reductive washing thereby ensured the efficient and selective removal of non-intercalated indigo molecules. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of the product after intercalation and reductive washing (designated as indigo-ZL) was found to resemble the solution spectrum of indigo, leading to the conclusion that the formation of indigo aggregates is prevented due to the steric constraints imposed by the microporous structure of ZL. The application of indigo-ZL on cotton was tested by roll coating. The light absorption properties of the resulting textile prints showed no significant alteration when compared to the pure indigo-ZL powder. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of mixtures consisting of indigo-ZL and a further ZL-based colorant were successfully predicted by the weighted addition of the respective primary spectra

Ancestry

Ancestry websites like 23 and Me or Ancestry.com remove the culture and the meaning behind the concept of ancestry. Ancestry as a concept means looking back at the culture we come from and the ways of life that shaped our ancestors. With queerness, ancestry cannot be traced through bloodlines. It is a passing down of culture through word of mouth. This culture has not been preserved over time but rather erased. This piece is a social commentary on the erased culture of queerness and showing the culture and what has kept it hidden. As someone who identifies as both queer and trans, I wanted to explore my culture and provoke the question of what cultures and ancestries are not told. Minoritized groups and cultures are more susceptible to being erased from history and modern culture. This piece questions why these cultures are erased and what power comes from knowing your culture and history. The poem starts by discussing how queer and trans people are more likely to commit or attempt suicide compared to their straight and cisgender counterparts. The likelihood of suicide increases in queer and trans youth when they are not supported by their parents and/or peers. The poem then moves to talk about queer and trans people in history that have been erased or not acknowledged. The first person mentioned is Bayard Rustin, an openly gay, black man in the era of the Civil Rights Movement. He organized the March on Washington in 1963 and helped organize the Freedom Rides. Since Rustin was gay, other leaders of the Civil Rights Movement had him in the background and doing behind the scenes work. His sexuality was seen as too risky and damaging to the image of the movement. The next person mentioned is Lili Elbe, a trans woman. She successfully received gender confirmation surgery. However, when she got a uterus transplant, she died from complications. The movie The Danish Girl was based on her life. The last person mentioned is Wilmer Broadnax. He was a transman in the early 1900s. He was a gospel singer. The only person who knew he was trans was his brother. When he died, he was outed as trans. This section of the poem ends with talking about how these people were erased. History classes do not mention them. This is what makes queer and trans identities seem like a new thing. There is not a lot of documented history of queer and trans identities. Even less is taught in school. The next section talks about being queer and/or trans in the military. Recently, there has been a transgender military ban. The ban is a slap in the face of trans military members and veterans. They are/have risked their lives for this country. They are being told they are a liability and are not valuable. This section also mentions the earlier policy “Don’t Ask Don’t Tell.” This forced queer and trans military members into the closet. If they were out, they could be discharged from the military. This section ends with recognizing the brave queer and/or trans members of the military. The next section of the poem talks about how coming out is a gamble. Queer and/or trans people have a chance of being disowned or kicked out of their families when coming out. They also have a chance of being sent to conversion therapy. One method used in conversion therapy is electroshock. This is an extreme practice and is not often used in modern day. This will show homoerotic images and shock the patient being “treated.” The last section goes back to medieval times. During those times, queer and trans people would be burned at the foot of the stake. They were not considered worthy of burning at the stake. They laid with bundles of sticks, which is where the term “f*gg*t” became associated with queer and trans people. The poem then ends with a reminder that queer and trans history is rooted in death

A Poem For a Small Town Queer Kid

I wrote this piece originally for myself. It was a healing piece about coming to terms with my past and embracing it. Embracing my past is important to me because being discriminated against, being put in violent situations, experiencing microaggressions, and being made to feel like less than a human being has made me stronger. Minoritized people who do social justice work have often experienced some deep trauma. It is important to focus on healing and take care of one’s mental health in order to be able to be activists for social justice. This piece opens with my experiences being outed to my family. It specifically talks about my experience with my dad. The piece then goes into how the experience forced me back into the closet. The next stanza talks about how during that time of my life, I would self-harm as an unhealthy coping mechanism. I would mainly focus on my thighs. I would also engrave words on my legs like “burden,” “f*g,” “worthless,” and other destructive words. It then mentions how I blamed myself for being weak in this situation. Despite the emotional abuse and gaslighting, I survived. Next, the poem goes into how I had suicidal thoughts. The beginning of the stanza touches on my relationship with God at the time. I would pray to be straight or dead in the morning most nights. I thought that I would not have the strength to continue living my life as a queer person. In the poem, I wanted to honor queer and trans youth who had committed suicide. In particular, I wanted to mention Leelah Alcorn. I remember being in high school when she committed suicide. Her story really touched me and has stuck with me. The poem then talks about the afterlife. It challenges the Christian notion of hell and debates if it was as bad as what I was going through. I wanted to explore the idea of “hell on earth” because when I was in that place, I was suffering. It felt like I was in a living hell. I fantasized that death would be nothing, just peace. The next section of the poem is the most important to me. It starts with “But that morning yu woke up.” It shows that I have survived all the bad days and hell that I’ve been through. I have had a 100% survival rate through everything. The section of the poem continues with all the growth and progress that I have accomplished and maintained. It reminds me of the strength I found that I originally didn’t think I had. The ending recognizes that I did not think I would have the strength to live this long. Most importantly, this poem thanks my younger self for having the strength to carry on even when I thought I couldn’t

SINTESIS LEMPUNG TERPILAR CetylTrimethylAmmonium-Aluminium (CTMA-Al) DARI LEMPUNG ALAM SERTA PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA INDIGO KARMINA

Dilakukan sintesis lempung terpilar karena lempung mempunyai pori yang tidak tetap yaitu akan mengkerut jika dipanaskan (dehidrasi) dan akan mengembang jika terjadi hidrasi. Lempung terpilar disintesis dengan pertukaran kation CetylTriMethylAmmonium CTMA dilanjutkan dengan polikation Al pada lempung alam. Lempung terpilar CTMA-Al (CetylTriMethylAmmonium-Aluminium) yang disintesis digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi indigo karmina pada larutan air relatif terhadap lempung alam. Proses pilarisasi pada lempung dilakukan dengan interkalasi surfaktan CTMA dilanjutkan dengan interkalasi polikation Al pada lempung alam. Hasil sintesis lempung terpilar CTMA-Al dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X. Uji kemampuan lempung terpilar CTMA-Al digunakan sebagai adsorben terhadap larutan indigo karmina. Analisis larutan indigo karmina sebelum dan setelah adsorpsi dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa penambahan surfaktan CTMA-Br dan polikation Al mampu meningkatkan ukuran basal spacing lempung alam dari 15,46 Å menjadi 19,99 Å, tetapi kristalinitas lempung terpilar CTMA-Al yang disintesis menurun. Lempung terpilar CTMA-Al 0,5 gram mampu menyerap warna dengan baik sampai dengan 125 mL indigo karmina (8,58x10-5 M). Sedangkan pada lempung alam kemampuan adsorpsiya jauh lebih kecil daripada lempung terpilar CTMA-Al, yaitu dengan volume larutan indigo karmina yang sama (15 mL) lempung alam mempunyai kemampuan adsorpsi 37,07 %, dan lempung terpilar CTMA-Al mempunyai kemampuan adsorpsi 99,56 %

Orbit optimization for ASTROD-GW and its time delay interferometry with two arms using CGC ephemeris

ASTROD-GW (ASTROD [Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical Devices] optimized for Gravitation Wave detection) is an optimization of ASTROD to focus on the goal of detection of gravitation waves. The detection sensitivity is shifted 52 times toward larger wavelength compared to that of LISA. The mission orbits of the 3 spacecraft forming a nearly equilateral triangular array are chosen to be near the Sun-Earth Lagrange points L3, L4 and L5. The 3 spacecraft range interferometrically with one another with arm length about 260 million kilometers. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for ASTROD-GW, laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. For suppressing laser frequency noise, we need to use time delay interferometry (TDI) to match the two different optical paths (times of travel). Since planets and other solar-system bodies perturb the orbits of ASTROD-GW spacecraft and affect the (TDI), we simulate the time delay numerically using CGC 2.7 ephemeris framework. To conform to the ASTROD-GW planning, we work out a set of 20-year optimized mission orbits of ASTROD-GW spacecraft starting at June 21, 2028, and calculate the residual optical path differences in the first and second generation TDI for one-detector case. In our optimized mission orbits for 20 years, changes of arm length are less than 0.0003 AU; the relative Doppler velocities are less than 3m/s. All the second generation TDI for one-detector case satisfies the ASTROD-GW requirement.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Holographic Recording Materials Development

Organic photorefractive materials were evaluated for application in a reversible holographic memory system. Representative indigo and thioindigo derivatives and several stilbene derivatives were studied as well as 15, 16-dialkyldihydropyrene derivatives the following goals were achieved: (1) the successful writing of phase holograms in a thioindigo/polymer gel system, (2) the successful writing and erasing of phase holograms in a variety of indigo/polymer gel and indigo/solid polymer systems, and (3) the identification of indigoid dyes and 15, 16-dialkyldihydropyrene derivatives as materials potentially suitable for utilization in an operational system. Photochemical studies of the stilbene, indigo, thioindigo, and dialkyldihydropyrene derivatives in solution and in a variety of polymer matrix materials were conducted with the goal of optimizing the photorefractive behavior of the chemical system as a whole. The spectroscopic properties required of optimal photorefractive materials were identified, and it was shown that both the indigoid dyes and the dialkyldihydropyrenes closely match the required properties

Indigo degradation with purified laccases from Trametes hirsuta and Sclerotium rolfsii

The degradation of the textile dye indigo with purified laccases from the fungi Trametes hirsuta (THL1 and THL2) and Sclerotium rolfsii (SRL1) was studied. All laccases were able to oxidize indigo yielding isatin (indole-2,3-dione), which was further decomposed to anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid). Based on the oxygen consumption rate of the laccases during indigo degradation, a potential mechanism for the oxidation of indigo involving the step-wise abstraction of four electrons from indigo by the enzyme was suggested. Comparing the effect of the known redox-mediators acetosyringone, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT) and 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (PHBS) on laccase-catalyzed degradation of indigo, we found a maximum of about 30% increase in the oxidation rate of indigo with SRL1 and acetosyringone. The particle size of indigo agglomerates after laccase treatment was influenced by the origin of the laccase preparation and by the incubation time. Diameter distributions were found to have one maximum and compared to the indigo particle size distribution of the control, for all laccases, the indigo agglomerates seemed to have shifted to smaller diameters. Bleaching of fabrics by the laccases (based on K/S values) correlated with the release of indigo degradation products. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY. All rights reserved

Diffusion Of Indigo Molecules Inside The Palygorskite Clay Channels

The search for durable dyes led several past civilizations to develop artificial pigments. Maya Blue (MB), manufactured in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, is one of the best known examples of an organic-inorganic hybrid material. Its durability is due to the unique association of indigo molecule and palygorskite, a particular fibrous clay occurring in Yucatan. Despite 50 years of sustained interest, the microscopic structure of MB and its relation to the durability remain open questions. Combining new thermogravimetric and synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses, we show that indigo molecules can diffuse into the channel of the palygorskite during the heating process, replacing zeolitic water and stabilizing the room temperature phases of the clay

The Arizona Kith and Kin Project Evaluation, Brief #3

Professional Development with Family, Friend, and Neighbor Providers: Implications for Dual Language Learners. Indigo Cultural Center, for the Association for Supportive Child Care, with support from First Things First and Valley of the Sun United Way

Efficient compact micro DBD plasma reactor for ozone generation for industrial application in liquid and gas phase systems

Ozone is well known as a powerful, fast reacting oxidant. Ozone based processes produce no by-product residual as non-reacted ozone decomposes to molecular oxygen. Therefore an application of ozone is widely accepted as one of the main approaches for a Sustainable and Clean Technologies development. There are number of technologies which require ozone to be delivered to specific points of a production network or reactors construction. Due to space constraints, high reactivity and short life time of ozone the use of ozone generators even of a bench top scale is practically limited. This requires development of mini/micro scale ozone generator which can be directly incorporated into production units. Our report presents a feasibility study of a new micro scale rector for ozone generation (MROG). Data on MROG calibration and indigo decomposition at different operation conditions are presented. At selected operation conditions with residence time of 0.25 s the process of ozone generation is not limited by reaction rate and the amount of ozone produced is a function of power applied. It was shown that the MROG is capable to produce ozone at voltage level starting from 3.5kV with ozone concentration of 5.28*10⁻⁶ (mol/L) at 5kV. This is in line with data presented on numerical investigation for a MROG. It was shown that in compare to a conventional ozone generator, MROG has lower power consumption at low voltages and atmospheric pressure. The MROG construction makes it applicable for both submerged and dry systems. With a robust compact design MROG can be used as an integrated module for production lines of high complexity