Offline and online search in used durables markets

This study examines how different information sources are used by consumers prior to their purchase of used durable goods, specifically used cars. We examine how online and offline search are related. Categories of online sources are dealer websites and resale websites, and of offline sources are print media and dealer visits. Prior research on new car purchases finds that online sources substitute for traditional, offline sources such as dealer visits. We examine whether this theory extends to used-car purchases and distinguish between dealer websites and resale websites (a distinction relevant to used-goods markets) by collecting data from a sample of used-car buyers. Because search in different sources can be interrelated, and due to data censoring, we build and estimate a simultaneous equations Tobit model. In contrast to existing research, we find that online search on dealer websites is complementary to and not a substitute for dealer visits. This complementary effect highlights the importance of dealers' web presence in used markets. © 2014 New York University

PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN WORD SEARCH PUZZLE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA

ABSTRAKMasalah dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya tingkat keaktifan belajar siswa selama proses pembelajaran disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, seperti kurangnya motivasi siswa, kurangnya keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan sumber belajar, kurangnya ketepatan guru dalam memilih media dan materi pembelajaran, monotonnya gaya mengajar guru, serta keterbatasan sarana pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi peningkatan keaktifan belajar siswa setelah menerapkan media pembelajaran word search puzzle dalam proses pembelajaran PPKn. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas VII SMP Negaeri 1 Batu. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Subjek dari penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah peserta didik kelas VII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan tingkat keaktifan siswa pada siklus II. Pada siklus II, sebanyak 27 siswa aktif selama proses pembelajaran, dengan persentase 84%, sementara 5 siswa masih pasif dengan persentase 16%. Sebelumnya, pada siklus I hanya 23 siswa yang aktif, dengan persentase 72%, dan 9 siswa masih pasif, dengan persentase 28%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan media pembelajaran word search puzzle dapat meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran PPKn. ABSTRACTThe problem in this study is the low level of active student learning during the learning process caused by several factors, such as lack of student motivation, lack of teacher skills in using learning resources, lack of teacher accuracy in selecting media and learning materials, monotonous teacher teaching style, and limited learning facilities . The purpose of this study was to identify an increase in student learning activity after applying the word search puzzle learning method in the Civics learning process. This research was conducted in class VII SMP Negeri 1 Batu. This type of research includes classroom action research (CAR), which consists of two cycles. The subjects of this classroom action research were class VII students. The results showed an increase in the level of student activity in cycle II. In cycle II, 27 students were active during the learning process, with a percentage of 84%, while 5 students were still passive with a percentage of 16%. Previously, in cycle I, only 23 students were active, with a percentage of 72%, and 9 students were still passive, with a percentage of 28%.  The conclusion of this research is that the application of word search puzzle learning media can increase student learning activeness in the PPKn learning process

Driverless Cars and Disability: Alternative Worlds in Media Presentation

How liberating? For whom? At what costs (economic and social)? This paper is an exploratory examination of images that people have expressed about driverless cars, particularly as seen through particular media outlets. I am also concerned with the question of where disabled people fit. As I argue, many answers are narrow and superficial. Neither policy-makers nor media outlets should reduce disabled people to consumers of a product, while paying insufficient attention to related environmental and social issues. Although it would be easy to identify problematic media images of disabled people, there are also examples of nuanced, detailed analysis. The author teaches Peace Studies and Political Science at Chapman University, south of Los Angeles.This paper is part of an ongoing project exploring connections between Disability Studies and Peace Studies. I argue that one connection is the prominence of autonomous vehicles, the driverless car in Disability Studies and the drone weapon in Peace Studies. In both cases, detailed analysis by researchers is fruitful. In the first section, I examine conceptions, sometimes definitions of the three essential terms of this paper: driverless cars, disability, and media. In the second section, I report quantitative results from a search of five major media outlets. In the third section, I identify five frames that characterize media 3 coverage of driverless cars: technological breakthrough, entrepreneurship, futures, disability, and public policy. In the fourth and final section, I draw implications for future exploration by scholarly researchers and by the media

Internet searching produces misleading findings regarding violent deaths in crisis settings: short report

Donor and agency priorities are influenced by a variety of political, social, and media-related forces that can have a profound impact on response and resource provision. We have attempted to assess how well internet searches articulate the span of violent death rates for five current “crisis” settings. In three graduate classes (2 public health, 1 information science) at US universities, during a four month period in 2017–2018, we asked approximately 60 graduate students to conduct an internet search to determine which of five countries had the highest and lowest “violence specific mortality rate”: Venezuela, Syria, Yemen, Central African Republic (CAR), or Mali. Students were divided into groups of three, and within each group explored this question by three approaches. Many graduate students in all groups could not determine the relative rates, especially which country had the lowest violence specific mortality rate. Of the 34 searches that identified a highest violent death rate country, 27.5 (81%) concluded it was Venezuela, followed by Syria (4.5; 13%), Mali (1; 3%) and CAR (1; 3%). Of the 26 searches that identified a least violent death rate 21.5 (83%) reported either CAR or Mali, followed by Yemen (2.5; 10%) and Syria (2; 8%). Aside from lack of data on CAR and Mali, students were perplexed about whether to include suicides or executions in the measure. This resulted in almost half of all inquiries unable to estimate a highest and lowest rate among these five countries. Where conclusions were drawn, it is likely the internet drew students to the opposite conclusion from reality. There are several reasons for this discordance, such as differing categories of violent deaths as defined by the World Health Organization, and search engine algorithms. It is probable, however, that larger issues of connectivity of individual societies with each other and the outside world are playing a profound role in the deceptive results found in this exercise. This insight emphasizes the internet’s under-reporting in the world’s most poor and remote locations, and highlights the importance of primary data collection and reporting in such settings

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Gambar terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV

This study aims to obtain the real facts about the use of image media to improve learning outcomes of learners, knowing whether or not differences in learning outcomes of learners between the use of media images and the absence of the use of media images on a learning, which is a big influence on the results of participant learning students of class IV. In addition to these objectives, the purpose of the application of picture and picture method is to improve the spirit of learning of learners to follow the learning. The method used in this research is descriptive with short-acting Classroom Action Research (CAR). While the techniques and data collection tools used are observation techniques with data collection tools in the form of an association sheet distributed to teachers and learners as well as the final test as an evaluation for learners. From the results of published article search, it can be concluded the application of picture and picture method successfully applied and can improve student learning outcomes class IV. The purpose of every use of media in learning is very influential in every learning process because it will determine in which direction the learning will be successful or not in accordance with the objectives of learning to be achieved. In addition, the use of image media can not only be used for a single course but the use of these media can also be used for some other subjects, so the use of media images is very influential in the achievement of learning objectives

Socializing the Semantic Gap: A Comparative Survey on Image Tag Assignment, Refinement and Retrieval

Where previous reviews on content-based image retrieval emphasize on what can be seen in an image to bridge the semantic gap, this survey considers what people tag about an image. A comprehensive treatise of three closely linked problems, i.e., image tag assignment, refinement, and tag-based image retrieval is presented. While existing works vary in terms of their targeted tasks and methodology, they rely on the key functionality of tag relevance, i.e. estimating the relevance of a specific tag with respect to the visual content of a given image and its social context. By analyzing what information a specific method exploits to construct its tag relevance function and how such information is exploited, this paper introduces a taxonomy to structure the growing literature, understand the ingredients of the main works, clarify their connections and difference, and recognize their merits and limitations. For a head-to-head comparison between the state-of-the-art, a new experimental protocol is presented, with training sets containing 10k, 100k and 1m images and an evaluation on three test sets, contributed by various research groups. Eleven representative works are implemented and evaluated. Putting all this together, the survey aims to provide an overview of the past and foster progress for the near future.Comment: to appear in ACM Computing Survey

PERILAKU BERALIH MEREK KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN PRODUK OTOMOTIF

This research examined of consideration set size to switch brands in automotive purchase, called Sambandam-Lord model (1995). The results showe that the replicated research model could be applied to the observed data, but not all eleven hypotheses could be supported as the researchers expected. Six of the eleven hypotheses, have been supported, while the others have not. This condition indicates that automotive brands switching behavior occurred because of the three factors mentioned in the model, i.e. (1) prior experience, (2) product knowledge, and (3) media search, and other factors. The intended factors which have not been revealed were found as a desire to have newly manufactured cars, a desire to try other brands, and boredom of the owned car, need to be considered for further research.Keywords: Brand switching, consideration set size, prior experience, product knowledge, media search, retailer search, and satisfaction

Community and Social Media Use among Early PEV Drivers

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are now being offered for sale to consumers. Contemporaneously, multi-way social interactions among individuals, groups, businesses, governments, and other actors are increasingly facilitated by communication technologies: we take this to be “social media.” Can this confluence facilitate the formation of new interest-based communities among plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) buyers? How might this be important to promoting PEVs? This paper presents the results of 28 in-depth interviews with household PEV drivers in San Diego, California. These PEV drivers show wide variation in their descriptions of who they believe PEV drivers to be, conceptualizations of a PEV, uses of social media to engage other members of the community, and socially mediated and face-to-face interactions with other PEV drivers. Better understanding of the relationship between emerging PEV markets, social media and consumer-based communities will affect the ongoing management of transitions to electric-mobility