Research and Implement of PMSM Regenerative Braking Control for Electric Vehicle

As the society pays more and more attention to the environment pollution and energy crisis, the electric vehicle (EV) development also entered in a new era. With the development of motor speed control technology and the improvement of motor performance, although the dynamic performance and economical cost of EVs are both better than the internal-combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), the driving range limit and charging station distribution are two major problems which limit the popularization of EVs. In order to extend driving range for EVs, regenerative braking (RB) emerges which is able to recover energy during the braking process to improve the energy efficiency. This thesis aims to investigate the RB based pure electric braking system and its implementation. There are many forms of RB system such as fully electrified braking system and blended braking system (BBS) which is equipped both electric RB system and hydraulic braking (HB) system. In this thesis the main research objective is the RB based fully electrified braking system, however, RB system cannot satisfy all braking situation only by itself. Because the regenerating electromagnetic torque may be too small to meet the braking intention of the driver when the vehicle speed is very low and the regenerating electromagnetic torque may be not enough to stop the vehicle as soon as possible in the case of emergency braking. So, in order to ensure braking safety and braking performance, braking torque should be provided with different forms regarding different braking situation and different braking intention. In this thesis, braking torque is classified into three types. First one is normal reverse current braking when the vehicle speed is too low to have enough RB torque. Second one is RB torque which could recover kinetic energy by regenerating electricity and collecting electric energy into battery packs. The last braking situation is emergency where the braking torque is provided by motor plugging braking based on the optimal slip ratio braking control strategy. Considering two indicators of the RB system which are regenerative efficiency and braking safety, a trade-off point should be found and the corresponding control strategy should be designed. In this thesis, the maximum regenerative efficiency is obtained by a braking torque distribution strategy between front wheel and rear wheel based on a maximum available RB torque estimation method and ECE-R13 regulation. And the emergency braking performance is ensured by a novel fractional-order integral sliding mode control (FOISMC) and numerical simulations show that the control performance is better than the conventional sliding mode controller

Machine Learning in Sensors and Imaging

Machine learning is extending its applications in various fields, such as image processing, the Internet of Things, user interface, big data, manufacturing, management, etc. As data are required to build machine learning networks, sensors are one of the most important technologies. In addition, machine learning networks can contribute to the improvement in sensor performance and the creation of new sensor applications. This Special Issue addresses all types of machine learning applications related to sensors and imaging. It covers computer vision-based control, activity recognition, fuzzy label classification, failure classification, motor temperature estimation, the camera calibration of intelligent vehicles, error detection, color prior model, compressive sensing, wildfire risk assessment, shelf auditing, forest-growing stem volume estimation, road management, image denoising, and touchscreens

OBSERVER-BASED-CONTROLLER FOR INVERTED PENDULUM MODEL

This paper presents a state space control technique for inverted pendulum system. The system is a common classical control problem that has been widely used to test multiple control algorithms because of its nonlinear and unstable behavior. Full state feedback based on pole placement and optimal control is applied to the inverted pendulum system to achieve desired design specification which are 4 seconds settling time and 5% overshoot. The simulation and optimization of the full state feedback controller based on pole placement and optimal control techniques as well as the performance comparison between these techniques is described comprehensively. The comparison is made to choose the most suitable technique for the system that have the best trade-off between settling time and overshoot. Besides that, the observer design is analyzed to see the effect of pole location and noise present in the system

A Review of Resonant Converter Control Techniques and The Performances

paper first discusses each control technique and then gives experimental results and/or performance to highlights their merits. The resonant converter used as a case study is not specified to just single topology instead it used few topologies such as series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC), LCC resonant converter and parallel resonant converter (PRC). On the other hand, the control techniques presented in this paper are self-sustained phase shift modulation (SSPSM) control, self-oscillating power factor control, magnetic control and the H-∞ robust control technique

A Review of Resonant Converter Control Techniques and The Performances

paper first discusses each control technique and then gives experimental results and/or performance to highlights their merits. The resonant converter used as a case study is not specified to just single topology instead it used few topologies such as series-parallel resonant converter (SPRC), LCC resonant converter and parallel resonant converter (PRC). On the other hand, the control techniques presented in this paper are self-sustained phase shift modulation (SSPSM) control, self-oscillating power factor control, magnetic control and the H-∞ robust control technique

State-Feedback Controller Based on Pole Placement Technique for Inverted Pendulum System

This paper presents a state space control technique for inverted pendulum system using simulation and real experiment via MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The inverted pendulum is difficult system to control in the field of control engineering. It is also one of the most important classical control system problems because of its nonlinear characteristics and unstable system. It has three main problems that always appear in control application which are nonlinear system, unstable and non-minimumbehavior phase system. This project will apply state feedback controller based on pole placement technique which is capable in stabilizing the practical based inverted pendulum at vertical position. Desired design specifications which are 4 seconds settling time and 5 % overshoot is needed to apply in full state feedback controller based on pole placement technique. First of all, the mathematical model of an inverted pendulum system is derived to obtain the state space representation of the system. Then, the design phase of the State-Feedback Controller can be conducted after linearization technique is performed to the nonlinear equation with the aid of mathematical aided software such as Mathcad. After that, the design is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. The controller design of the inverted pendulum system is verified using simulation and experiment test. Finally the controller design is compared with PID controller for benchmarking purpose

Study and analysis of state-of-the-art FCS-MPC strategies for thermal regulation of power converters

La degradación en los convertidores de potencia basados en silicio, enmarcados en sistemas de tracción eléctrica y fuentes de energías renovables, es un tema de estudio de especial interés para aquellas aplicaciones donde los fallos amenazan la seguridad de personas o donde el mantenimiento es particularmente costoso. Motivado por la influencia de los fallos en IGBTs sobre los fallos habituales en los convertidores de potencia comunes, este trabajo utiliza la herramienta software PLECS como marco de trabajo para la simulación de algoritmos de control predictivo basado en modelo con conjunto finito de acciones de control (FCS-MPC) que pretenden -simultáneamente a conseguir el seguimiento eléctrico- extender directa o indirectamente la vida útil de los IGBTs. El trabajo se enfoca principalmente a la simulación en ordenador de los algoritmos controlando un inversor de dos niveles conectado a una carga RL. Además, pretende también introducir la implementación de éstos sobre un microcontrolador para su estudio controlando el inversor simulado en la plataforma PLECS RT Box 1, con el fin último de poder desarrollar validaciones de los controladores basadas en técnicas Hardware-In-the-Loop.Degradation of silicon-based power electronics converters in traction and renewable energy systems is a topic of interest particularly where module failure supposes a safety threat or where maintenance becomes especially expensive. Motivated by the influence of IGBT aging in usual power converters, this work uses the software tool PLECS as framework to simulate Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCSMPC) algorithms that, simultaneously to achieving a certain current tracking, aim to directly or indirectly extend IGBTs’ lifetime. Whilst the work focuses on offline simulation of the algorithms on PLECS, it also targets to pave the way to implement algorithms in a micro-controller and to study how they control a two-level inverter connected to a RL load simulated on a PLECS RT Box 1 platform. The ultimate goal is to develop validations based on Hardware-In-the-Loop techniques of the control algorithms.Universidad de Sevilla. Máster Universitario en Ingeniería Electrónica, Robótica y Automátic

Real-Time Optimal Control Technique of A Rotary Inverted Pendulum System

This paper presents a real time control technique to stabilize inverted pendulum in the vertical upright position. Stabilize the inverted pendulum is a classical control problem that could be related to some problems in industrial applications. Two common problems that always been encountered by inverted pendulum system is unstable behavior and nonlinear. This lead to numerous studies on the control algorithm to balance the inverted pendulum system in the vertical upright position. Generally, inverted pendulum is mounted on DC motor and is equipped with sensor to measure angular displacement. Inverted pendulum has the same analogy with human that try to balance a broomstick using fingertip. Balancing the Inverted Pendulum requires a good control system. Therefore an optimal control technique is proposed to achieve desired design requirement which are less than 5% overshoot and less than 5 seconds settling time. The controller is optimized to achieve the best performance result. Finally the performance of the controller is compared with PID controller as a benchmark