87,483 research outputs found
Algorithmic and enumerative aspects of the Moser-Tardos distribution
Moser & Tardos have developed a powerful algorithmic approach (henceforth
"MT") to the Lovasz Local Lemma (LLL); the basic operation done in MT and its
variants is a search for "bad" events in a current configuration. In the
initial stage of MT, the variables are set independently. We examine the
distributions on these variables which arise during intermediate stages of MT.
We show that these configurations have a more or less "random" form, building
further on the "MT-distribution" concept of Haeupler et al. in understanding
the (intermediate and) output distribution of MT. This has a variety of
algorithmic applications; the most important is that bad events can be found
relatively quickly, improving upon MT across the complexity spectrum: it makes
some polynomial-time algorithms sub-linear (e.g., for Latin transversals, which
are of basic combinatorial interest), gives lower-degree polynomial run-times
in some settings, transforms certain super-polynomial-time algorithms into
polynomial-time ones, and leads to Las Vegas algorithms for some coloring
problems for which only Monte Carlo algorithms were known.
We show that in certain conditions when the LLL condition is violated, a
variant of the MT algorithm can still produce a distribution which avoids most
of the bad events. We show in some cases this MT variant can run faster than
the original MT algorithm itself, and develop the first-known criterion for the
case of the asymmetric LLL. This can be used to find partial Latin transversals
-- improving upon earlier bounds of Stein (1975) -- among other applications.
We furthermore give applications in enumeration, showing that most applications
(where we aim for all or most of the bad events to be avoided) have many more
solutions than known before by proving that the MT-distribution has "large"
min-entropy and hence that its support-size is large
Algorithms for Constructing Overlay Networks For Live Streaming
We present a polynomial time approximation algorithm for constructing an
overlay multicast network for streaming live media events over the Internet.
The class of overlay networks constructed by our algorithm include networks
used by Akamai Technologies to deliver live media events to a global audience
with high fidelity. We construct networks consisting of three stages of nodes.
The nodes in the first stage are the entry points that act as sources for the
live streams. Each source forwards each of its streams to one or more nodes in
the second stage that are called reflectors. A reflector can split an incoming
stream into multiple identical outgoing streams, which are then sent on to
nodes in the third and final stage that act as sinks and are located in edge
networks near end-users. As the packets in a stream travel from one stage to
the next, some of them may be lost. A sink combines the packets from multiple
instances of the same stream (by reordering packets and discarding duplicates)
to form a single instance of the stream with minimal loss. Our primary
contribution is an algorithm that constructs an overlay network that provably
satisfies capacity and reliability constraints to within a constant factor of
optimal, and minimizes cost to within a logarithmic factor of optimal. Further
in the common case where only the transmission costs are minimized, we show
that our algorithm produces a solution that has cost within a factor of 2 of
optimal. We also implement our algorithm and evaluate it on realistic traces
derived from Akamai's live streaming network. Our empirical results show that
our algorithm can be used to efficiently construct large-scale overlay networks
in practice with near-optimal cost
Recovery of atmospheric refractivity profiles from simulated satellite-to-satellite tracking data
Techniques for recovering atmospheric refractivity profiles from simulated satellite-to-satellite tracking data are documented. Examples are given using the geometric configuration of the ATS-6/NIMBUS-6 Tracking Experiment. The underlying refractivity model for the lower atmosphere has the spherically symmetric form N = exp P(s) where P(s) is a polynomial in the normalized height s. For the simulation used, the Herglotz-Wiechert technique recovered values which were 0.4% and 40% different from the input values at the surface and at a height of 33 kilometers, respectively. Using the same input data, the model fitting technique recovered refractivity values 0.05% and 1% different from the input values at the surface and at a height of 50 kilometers, respectively. It is also shown that if ionospheric and water vapor effects can be properly modelled or effectively removed from the data, pressure and temperature distributions can be obtained
Dispersive analysis of omega --> 3pi and phi --> 3pi decays
We study the three-pion decays of the lightest isoscalar vector mesons, omega
and phi, in a dispersive framework that allows for a consistent description of
final-state interactions between all three pions. Our results are solely
dependent on the phenomenological input for the pion-pion P-wave scattering
phase shift. We predict the Dalitz plot distributions for both decays and
compare our findings to recent measurements of the phi --> 3pi Dalitz plot by
the KLOE and CMD-2 collaborations. Dalitz plot parameters for future precision
measurements of omega --> 3pi are predicted. We also calculate the pi-pi P-wave
inelasticity contribution from omega-pi intermediate states.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figures; discussion extended, Appendix D added, matches
version published in EPJ
Global Wilson-Fisher fixed points
The Wilson-Fisher fixed point with universality in three dimensions is
studied using the renormalisation group. It is shown how a combination of
analytical and numerical techniques determine global fixed point solutions to
leading order in the derivative expansion for real or purely imaginary fields
with moderate numerical effort. Universal and non-universal quantitites such as
scaling exponents and mass ratios are computed, for all , together with
local fixed point coordinates, radii of convergence, and parameters which
control the asymptotic behaviour of the effective action. We also explain when
and why finite- results do not converge pointwise towards the exact
infinite- limit. In the regime of purely imaginary fields, a new link
between singularities of fixed point effective actions and singularities of
their counterparts by Polchinski are established. Implications for other
theories are indicated.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, v2: explanations and refs added, to appear
(NPB
Lattice Study of the Extent of the Conformal Window in Two-Color Yang-Mills Theory
We perform a lattice calculation of the Schr\"odinger functional running
coupling in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with six massless Wilson fermions in the
fundamental representation. The aim of this work is to determine whether the
above theory has an infrared fixed point. Due to sensitivity of the
renormalized coupling to the tuning of the fermion bare mass we were unable to
reliably extract the running coupling for stronger bare couplings
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