3 research outputs found
DEVELOPING A PERFORMANCE IMPORTANCE MATRIX FOR A PUBLIC SECTOR BUS TRANSPORT COMPANY: A CASE STUDY
This paper presents a study of comparison of the importance attached by the service providersโ and the customersโ with respect to eighteen service characteristics towards the public transportation services provided by a bus company. The survey was conducted in three bus depots in one division of a state road transport undertaking (SRTU) in south India. The importance the SRTU and the customers attach to these characteristics indicates significant differences. This reveals the existence of a gap between customersโ expectations and the service provided by the company. Finally the customer retention and customer development criteria have been. identified.Performance importance matrix, Customer expectations, Public bus transport, Radar chart.
์๋ฏผ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ด๋์ ํฐ๋ธ์ ๋ํ ์๋ฏผ์ ๋ง์กฑ๋์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ํฅ ๋ถ์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋ํ ํ๋๊ณผ์ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ยท๊ฒฝ์ ยท์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ณต, 2021.8. ํฉ์ค์.Frequently said for being too focused on the technological part, smart city approach implementation has shifted its objectives to put the citizens as the center of smart cityโs developments. The so-called citizen-centric smart city approach has two main characteristics, namely โfor the citizens,โ which should meet the need of the citizens, and โwith the citizens,โ which encourages the citizens to participate. However, previous studies showed that the current implementation of a smart city is often not in line with the actual need of the citizens. In addition, most prior studies only focus on the benefits of smart city initiatives and factors that affect the citizens to use the smart city initiatives. At the same time, only a few studies addressed the citizenโs perspective of smart city initiatives and the relation to their intention to participate. Therefore, this study examines the citizensโ satisfaction and analyzes its relationship with their participation intention toward citizen-centric smart city initiatives to fill in those gaps.
The data was collected through online questionnaires at the beginning of May 2021 with the target respondent of people living in Jakarta city. 187 data had been received from the survey. There were 9 data removed from the dataset during data cleansing and preparation due to the unengaged data with the same value for all of the questions. Finally, a total of 178 valid data had been used in the analysis.
In the first part of the analysis, this study used the Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to determine the level of citizenโs satisfaction with the existing smart city initiatives in Jakarta. In the second part, this study implemented the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationship among predictors of the citizenโs intention to participate in the smart city initiatives using Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT). The moderation effect of citizensโ awareness had been discussed in the third analysis.
The result showed that the citizensโ level of satisfaction is low satisfactory with 58.19%. In addition, the IPA analysis explained the perception of citizens toward each of the existing smart city initiatives and provided detailed findings for improvement and prioritization purposes.
The PLS-SEM analysis resulted that โsatisfactionโ strongly influences the โreason forโ and โparticipation intentionโ through global motives โattitudeโ. On the other hand, there is not enough evidence in this study that explained the relationship between โreason againstโ toward โsatisfactionโ, โattitudeโ, and โparticipation intentionโ.
Lastly, the moderation analysis concluded that citizensโ โawarenessโ strongly moderates the โattitudesโ toward โparticipation intentionโ positively and the โreason forโ toward โparticipation intentionโ negatively. On the other hand, citizensโ awareness does not have any moderating effect on the โreason againstโ toward โparticipation intentionโ. Other findings, study implications, and limitations are also discussed in this study.ํํ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋๋ฌด ์น์คํ๋ค๋ ์ด์ ๋ก ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์์ ์๋ฏผ์ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ ์๋ฏผ์ค์ฌ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ ๊ทผ๋ฒ์ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์๊ตฌ์ ๋ถ์ํด์ผ ํ๋ '์๋ฏผ์ ์ํ'๊ณผ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ํ๋ '์๋ฏผ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป'๋ผ๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ํน์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง, ์ด์ ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์ ํ์ฌ์ ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ์ ๊ตฌํ์ด ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ค์ ํ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ง์ง ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๋ํ, ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ์ ์ด์ ๊ณผ ์ค๋งํธ ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์๋ฏผ์๊ฒ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์์์๋ง ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋์์ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ์ ๋ํ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ํฅ๊ณผ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฃฌ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ผ๋ถ์ ๋ถ๊ณผํ๋ค. ์ด์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋ง์กฑ๋๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ฏผ ์ค์ฌ์ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ์ ๋ํ ์ฐธ์ฌ ์๋์ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ๊ทน์ ํด์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค.
์๋ฃ๋ 2021๋
5์ ์ด ์์นด๋ฅดํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋์ ์๋ต์์ ํจ๊ป ์จ๋ผ์ธ ์ค๋ฌธ์ง๋ฅผ ํตํด ์์ง๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 187๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๊ฐ ์ ์๋์๋ค. ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ค๋น ์ค์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์
์์ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ 9๊ฐ์์ผ๋ฉฐ. ๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก, ์ด 178๊ฐ์ ์ ํจํ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ์์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋์์ต๋๋ค.
๋ถ์ ์ฒซ ๋ถ๋ถ์์๋ ์ค์๋ ๋ฐ ์ฑ๊ณผ๋ถ์(IPA)๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ง์กฑ์ง์(CSI)๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ์์นด๋ฅดํ์ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ์ ๋ํ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋ง์กฑ๋๋ฅผ ํ์
ํ์๋ค. ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ ํํธ์์๋ ํ๋์ถ๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก (BRT)์ ์ด์ฉํ ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ํฅ ์์ธก ๋ณ์๋ค ๊ฐ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ถ๋ถ ์ต์์ ๊ณฑ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐฉ์ ์ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง(PLS-SEM)์ ๊ตฌํํ๋ค. ์ธ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ถ์์์๋ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ธ์์ ์จ๊ฑด ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋
ผ์๋์์ต๋๋ค.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๋ง์กฑ๋๊ฐ 58.19%๋ก ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ์ด์ ํจ๊ป IPA ๋ถ์์์๋ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ค๋งํธ์ํฐ ์ด๋์
ํฐ๋ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ๋ํ ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ธ์์ ์ค๋ช
ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ธ๋ถ ์กฐ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค.
PLS-SEM ๋ถ์์ '๋ง์กฑ'์ด ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๋๊ธฐ 'ํ๋'๋ฅผ ํตํด '์๋'์ '์ฐธ์ฌ์๋'์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ํฅ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ '๋ง์กฑ', 'ํ๋', '์ฐธ์ฌ์๋'์ ๋ํ '๋ฐ๋์ ์ด์ '์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ค๋ช
ํ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถํ์ง ์๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก, ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ '์ธ์'์ด '์ฐธ์ฌ์๋'์ ๋ํ 'ํ๋'์ '์ฐธ์ฌ์๋'์ ๋ํ '์ฌ์ '๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ํ์ํจ๋ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด, ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ์ธ์์ '์ฐธ์ฌ์ํฅ'์ ํฅํ '๋ฐ๋ ์ด์ '์ ๋ํด ์ด๋ค ์จ๊ฑดํ ์ํฅ๋ ๋ฏธ์น์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค. ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ, ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ํฅ ๋ฐ ํ๊ณ๋ ์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๋
ผ์๋ฉ๋๋ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Research Problems and Gaps 2
1.3 Research Objectives 3
1.4 Research Questions 4
1.5 Research Benefits 4
1.6 Research Originality 5
1.7 Research Context 5
1.8 Research Outlines 5
Chapter 2. Literature Review 6
2.1 Citizen-centric Smart City Approach 6
2.2 Smart City Initiatives in Jakarta 7
2.3 Measuring the Citizensโ Satisfaction 9
2.3.1 Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) 9
2.3.2 Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) Method 11
2.4 Theories to Understand Citizensโ Participation Behavior 13
2.5 Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT) 14
Chapter 3. Research Methodology 19
3.1 Research Design 19
3.2 Research Hypotheses and Model 19
3.2.1 Attitude and Participation 20
3.2.2 Reason, Attitude, and Participation 21
3.2.3 Satisfaction, Reason, and Attitude 22
3.2.4 โReasonsโ Constructs Extraction 23
3.2.5 Citizensโ Awareness as Moderating Variable 24
3.3 Questionnaire Design 29
3.4 Data Collection 29
3.5 Analysis Method 30
Chapter 4. Results and Analysis 31
4.1 Introduction 31
4.2 Data Sample 31
4.3 Demographic Profiles 32
4.4 Assessment of Citizensโ Satisfaction Measurement 33
4.5 Assessment of Measurement Model 36
4.5.1 Common Method Bias 36
4.5.2 Indicator Reliability, Consistency, and Convergent Validity 37
4.5.3 Discriminant Validity 39
4.5.4 Model Fit Criteria 40
4.5.5 Second-order Construct Measurement 41
4.6 Analysis 42
4.6.1 Citizensโ Satisfaction Analysis 42
4.6.2 Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Analysis 46
4.7 Discussion 51
4.7.1 Answer to Research Questions 52
4.7.2 Data Privacy and Security as the Biggest Challenge 55
Chapter 5. Conclusion 56
5.1 Conclusion 56
5.2 Theoretical Implications 59
5.3 Policy Suggestions 59
5.4 Limitation and Future Research 60
Bibliography 61
Abbreviation 73
Appendix A โ Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT) Measurement 74
Appendix B โ Survey Instrument 75
Appendix C โ PLS-SEM Analysis with SmartPLS 82
Abstract (Korean) 86์