Perubahan reruang akibat pelancongan di Kampung Jeron Beteng Yogyakarta 1950-2010

Spatial changes can result in the saturation of tourist destinations. This study aims to trace the spatial transformation process of a tourist destination Kampung Jeron Beteng (KJB) Yogjakarta, from its inception in the 1950s to the present era. Tourism activities in a Kraton-centered cultural heritage are examined, paying attention to the carrying capacity of the destination with respect to population density and demand for build-up spaces. Tourist arrivals began to decline in 1993 and has since continued to dwindle. The village with 140 hectares has witnessed an implosion of population and buildings, so that living spaces have been reduced; and the situation has become uncomfortable. The research adopts a historical approach in combination with qualitative methods in the collection of data. The coverage of a 60-year period is divided into six decade- long phases. These phases are discussed within the framework of Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle model which posits a sequential growth of tourism activities, resulting inter alia in spatial changes in the distribution of housing and public spaces occurring in such ways that benefited tourism activities while encouraging growth. Such growth led to increase in building which eventually exceeded the limits of village carrying capacity. Although spatial adjustments can still accommodate the saturation to a limited extent, the long term challenge is to revitalize the village as a destination so that it will continue to become attractive to visitors. Effort towards the preservation of cultural heritage must ensure that: firstly, 40 percent of the maximum building density and population density of 100 people per hectare is maintained; secondly, the laws of the Kraton and the local customs must be observed; thirdly, the government policies should always involve the local community in decision making. Finally this study offers pointers for future host community development in KJB and in other tourism destinations which share similar characteristics, especially in villages with kraton complexes close to other heritage destinations in Java. Conceptually this study shows that the evolution of a destination can be affected by local cultural and institutional practices which are not given due consideration in Butler’s widely publicised TALC model

Regenerating Aberdeen: a vision for a thriving and vibrant city centre.

The aim of this discussion paper is to stimulate debate and prompt action regarding the future shape and purpose of Aberdeen's city centre. This paper argues that investment in a thriving and dynamic city centre requires consideration of the city as a whole, and is directly related to economic growth as well as cultural and social vitality. All cities continually evolve: dynamic entities and complex systems whose needs and forms change over time. While some change is inevitably organic, maintaining a city's integrity and quality also demands strategic vision and clarity of direction. Any attempts to develop Aberdeen's city centre should consider its current form and purpose and in particular reflect the following: 1) Aberdeen has a unique and evolving history, whose architecture and the layout of its streets and public spaces convey that heritage; 2) A vibrant city centre that supports high quality cultural attractions is a key element that brings to and retains within the region the talent required for economic and cultural development; 3) The city centre should better reflect Aberdeen's identity; 4) High quality urban and architectural development can provide greater attraction to visitors; 5) As a city, Aberdeen currently suffers from a lack of connectivity between the distinct areas of its centre; 6) High quality development should consider future uses and adaptability and should not merely meet today's needs. This discussion paper proposes three principles as a framework around which city centre developments might be assessed. These principles are: 1) Connectivity: the city as a system connects people and places. Urban development should seek to create and reinforce pedestrian links between key points in the city centre as well as linking the suburbs to the centre. 2) Multiplicity of use: the city centre should not have one purpose or sharply changing purposes by day and night. A city the size of Aberdeen is not like London or even Edinburgh: it cannot expect to sustain different neighbourhoods in its city centre, each with its own functional niche. Thriving cities the size of Aberdeen should have many different functions that coexist alongside one another and which merge day and night time economies. 3) Adaptability and coherence: a thriving and attractive city centre will evolve and find ways of reflecting contemporary architectural trends against its historic background. Glasgow is a Scottish city that combines modern uses and architecture within an increasingly restored Victorian centre. The fourth section of this document illustrates how these principles could be applied to the city centre in a variety of settings. It draws upon examples of other cities both in the UK and beyond. It is intended that these examples will stimulate discussion and creativity. In looking to the future, Aberdeen needs a bold vision for its continued development as a vibrant, attractive and prosperous 21st century city of international repute. Our intention is that this discussion paper will build on work already under way and help articulate that vision for the city

Implementation of the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model as An Advisory Decision Support System

The Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) is a theory of tourism region evolution designed to assist destination managers and others in dealing with and understanding problems that seem to almost inevitably arise with concentrated tourism development (e.g. environmental despoilment, low visitor yield and social issues). Various heuristics are associated with the transformation from one life cycle stage to the next and these, together with an increasing body of cases dealing with the application of rejuvenation strategies, form the basis of the decision support system (DSS) described in this paper. Technically, the paper focuses on specific data abstraction techniques used to facilitate DSS development and maintenance