1,365 research outputs found
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Challenging Environments: Underwater, Underground, Industrial and Disaster
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been introduced to improve
the signal propagation characteristics by focusing the signal power in the
preferred direction, thus making the communication environment "smart". The
typical use cases and applications for the "smart" environment include beyond
5G communication networks, smart cities, etc. The main advantage of employing
RISs in such networks is a more efficient exploitation of spatial degrees of
freedom. This advantage manifests in better interference mitigation as well as
increased spectral and energy efficiency due to passive beam steering.
Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact
that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using
conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the
propagation medium and increased signal scattering. Although the challenges for
the design of communication networks, and specifically the Internet of Things
(IoT), in such environments are known, there is no common enabler or solution
for all these applications. Interestingly, the use of RISs in such scenarios
can become such an enabler and a game changer technology. Surprisingly, the
benefits of RIS for wireless networking in underwater and underground medium as
well as in industrial and disaster environments have not been addressed yet. In
this paper, we aim at filling this gap by discussing potential use cases,
deployment strategies and design aspects for RIS devices in underwater IoT,
underground IoT as well as Industry 4.0 and emergency networks. In addition,
novel research challenges to be addressed in this context are described.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, submitted for publication in IEEE journa
Adaptive Fuzzy Game-based Energy Efficient Localization in 3D Underwater Sensor Networks
Numerous applications in 3D underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), such as pollution detection, disaster prevention, animal monitoring, navigation assistance, and submarines tracking, heavily rely on accurate localization techniques. However, due to the limited batteries of sensor nodes and the di!culty for energy harvesting in UWSNs, it is challenging to localize sensor nodes successfully within a short sensor node lifetime in an unspeci"ed underwater environment. Therefore, we propose the Adaptive Energy-E!cient Localization Algorithm (Adaptive EELA) to enable energy-e!cient node localization while adapting to the dynamic environment changes. Adaptive EELA takes a fuzzy game-theoretic approach, whereby Stackelberg game is used to model the interactions among sensor and anchor nodes in UWSNs and employs the adaptive neuro-fuzzy method to set the appropriate utility functions. We prove that a socially optimal Stackelberg–Nash Equilibrium is achieved in Adaptive EELA. Through extensive numerical simulations under various environmental scenarios, the evaluation results show that our proposed algorithm accomplishes a signi"cant energy reduction, e.g., 66% lower compared to baselines, while achieving a desired performance level in terms of localization coverage, error, and delay
Underwater acoustic sensor networks node localization based on compressive sensing in water hydrology
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
EFFICIENT DYNAMIC ADDRESSING BASED ROUTING FOR UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
This thesis presents a study about the problem of data gathering in the inhospitable
underwater environment. Besides long propagation delays and high error probability,
continuous node movement also makes it difficult to manage the routing information
during the process of data forwarding. In order to overcome the problem of large
propagation delays and unreliable link quality, many algorithms have been proposed
and some of them provide good solutions for these issues, yet continuous node
movements still need attention. Considering the node mobility as a challenging task,
a distributed routing scheme called Hop-by-Hop Dynamic Addressing Based (H2-
DAB) routing protocol is proposed where every node in the network will be assigned
a routable address quickly and efficiently without any explicit configuration or any
dimensional location information. According to our best knowledge, H2-DAB is first
addressing based routing approach for underwater wireless sensor networks
(UWSNs) and not only has it helped to choose the routing path faster but also
efficiently enables a recovery procedure in case of smooth forwarding failure. The
proposed scheme provides an option where nodes is able to communicate without
any centralized infrastructure, and a mechanism furthermore is available where
nodes can come and leave the network without having any serious effect on the rest
of the network. Moreover, another serious issue in UWSNs is that acoustic links are
subject to high transmission power with high channel impairments that result in
higher error rates and temporary path losses, which accordingly restrict the
efficiency of these networks. The limited resources have made it difficult to design a
protocol which is capable of maximizing the reliability of these networks. For this
purpose, a Two-Hop Acknowledgement (2H-ACK) reliability model where two
copies of the same data packet are maintained in the network without extra burden
on the available resources is proposed. Simulation results show that H2-DAB can
easily manage during the quick routing changes where node movements are very
frequent yet it requires little or no overhead to efficiently complete its tasks
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