3 research outputs found

    Automated Rock Fracture Detection Algorithm with Convolutional Neural Networks

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2019. 8. ์†ก์žฌ์ค€.์•”๋ฐ˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท ์—ด๊ณผ ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋„, ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ํˆฌ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ธก๋Ÿ‰๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘, ์ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„๊ต์  ์ธ์‹์ด ํ‰์ดํ•˜๋‚˜, ๊ท ์—ด์€ ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์‹์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ท ์—ด ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž, ๊ท ์—ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ์ „๋ฌผ, ์‹์ƒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ท ์—ด ์ธ์‹ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด๋‚˜, ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ํฌํ•จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•”์„ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ”ผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์‹ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ ํŠน์ • ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ท ์—ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—๋„ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท ์—ด ์ธ์‹์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ท ์—ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.Detection of rock joint and fracture is important because they have a huge influence on rock mass strength. Photogrammetry technique, especially, has been used for decades due to its simplicity and economic feasibility. Although joints are easy to detected since it has linearity, fractures has irregularity which leads to difficulties in detection and lack of relevant studies. Additionally, previous researches used photographs without various types of noise such as shadow, infill material and vegetation. These kinds of noise reduce the accuracy of conventional algorithms. However, it can be included in the photographs under certain circumstances. In this study, a new algorithm based on convolutional neural networks, which can detect rock fracture from rock images with many kinds of noise, is presented. Furthermore, previous models were evaluated with the same image used in model construction stage. The model performance, therefore, is guaranteed only for that specific data. On the contrary, new rock images are used when testing the model, which shows the data-independent performance of proposed model. As a result, the developed model in this study can detect rock fracture from photographs quickly and consistently, and demonstrate high performance for irregular fractures.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ 1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ์ธ๊ณต์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ์ด๋ก  5 2.1 ์™„์ „์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง 5 2.2 ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง 8 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 13 3.1 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 14 3.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณต 16 3.2.1 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ ˆ์ด๋ธ”๋ง 16 3.2.2 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ 18 3.2.3 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ• 20 3.2.4 ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 23 3.3 ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 27 3.4 ํ•™์Šต ์ƒ์„ธ ๊ณผ์ • 30 3.5 ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ • 30 4. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 33 4.1 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž, ๊ฒ€์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ 34 4.2 ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ 40 4.3 ์ถฉ์ „๋ฌผ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ 43 4.4 ๊ธํžŒ ์ž๊ตญ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ 47 4.5 ์‹์ƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„ 49 4.6 ๋ชจ๋ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 52 5. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  56 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 58Maste

    Integrating Deep Learning into Digital Rock Analysis Workflow

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    Digital Rock Analysis (DRA) has expanded our knowledge about natural phenomena in various geoscience specialties. DRA as an emerging technology has limitations including (1) the trade-off between the size of spatial domain and resolution, (2) methodological and human-induced errors in segmentation, and (3) the computational costs associated with intensive modeling. Deep learning (DL) methods are utilized to alleviate these limitations. First, two DL frameworks are utilized to probe the performance gains from using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to super-resolve and segment real multi-resolution X-ray images of complex carbonate rocks. The first framework experiments the applications of U-Net and U-ResNet architectures to obtain macropore, solid, and micropore segmented images in an end-to-end scheme. The second framework segregates the super-resolution and segmentation into two networks: EDSR and U-ResNet. Both frameworks show consistent performance indicated by the voxel-wise accuracy metrics, the measured phase morphology, and flow characteristics. The end-to-end frameworks are shown to be superior to using a segregated approach confirming the adequacy of end-to-end learning for performing complex tasks. Second, CNNs accuracy margins in estimating physical properties of porous media 2d X-ray images are investigated. Binary and greyscale sandstone images are used as an input to CNNs architectures to estimate porosity, specific surface area, and average pore size of three sandstone images. The results show encouraging margins of accuracy where the error in estimating these properties can be up to 6% when using binary images and up to 7% when using greyscale images. Third, the suitability of CNNs as regression tools to predict a more challenging property, permeability, is investigated. Two complex CNNs architectures (ResNet and ResNext) are applied to learn the morphology of pore space in 3D porous media images for flow-based characterization. The dataset includes more than 29,000 3d subvolumes of multiple sandstone and carbonates rocks. The findings show promising regression accuracy using binary images. Accuracy gains are observed using conductivity maps as an input to the networks. Permeability inference on unseen samples can be achieved in 120 ms/sample with an average relative error of 18.9%. This thesis demonstrates the significant potential of deep learning in improving DRA capabilities
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