Print-Scan Resilient Text Image Watermarking Based on Stroke Direction Modulation for Chinese Document Authentication

Print-scan resilient watermarking has emerged as an attractive way for document security. This paper proposes an stroke direction modulation technique for watermarking in Chinese text images. The watermark produced by the idea offers robustness to print-photocopy-scan, yet provides relatively high embedding capacity without losing the transparency. During the embedding phase, the angle of rotatable strokes are quantized to embed the bits. This requires several stages of preprocessing, including stroke generation, junction searching, rotatable stroke decision and character partition. Moreover, shuffling is applied to equalize the uneven embedding capacity. For the data detection, denoising and deskewing mechanisms are used to compensate for the distortions induced by hardcopy. Experimental results show that our technique attains high detection accuracy against distortions resulting from print-scan operations, good quality photocopies and benign attacks in accord with the future goal of soft authentication

Identifying Appropriate Intellectual Property Protection Mechanisms for Machine Learning Models: A Systematization of Watermarking, Fingerprinting, Model Access, and Attacks

The commercial use of Machine Learning (ML) is spreading; at the same time, ML models are becoming more complex and more expensive to train, which makes Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) of trained models a pressing issue. Unlike other domains that can build on a solid understanding of the threats, attacks and defenses available to protect their IP, the ML-related research in this regard is still very fragmented. This is also due to a missing unified view as well as a common taxonomy of these aspects. In this paper, we systematize our findings on IPP in ML, while focusing on threats and attacks identified and defenses proposed at the time of writing. We develop a comprehensive threat model for IP in ML, categorizing attacks and defenses within a unified and consolidated taxonomy, thus bridging research from both the ML and security communities

Secure Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks Data Using Linear Kolmogorov Watermarking Technique

In Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), All communications between different nodes are sent out in a broadcast fashion. These networks are used in a variety of applications including military, environmental, and smart spaces. Sensors are susceptible to various types of attack, such as data modification, data insertion and deletion, or even physical capture and sensor replacement. Hence security becomes important issue in WSNs. However given the fact that sensors are resources constrained, hence the traditional intensive security algorithms are not well suited for WSNs. This makes traditional security techniques, based on data encryption, not very suitable for WSNs. This paper proposes Linear Kolmogorov watermarking technique for secure data communication in WSNs. We provide a security analysis to show the robustness of the proposed techniques against various types of attacks. This technique is robust against data deletion, packet replication and Sybil attack

A Study of Image Fingerprinting by Using Visual Cryptography

As digital media has made our life more colourful because of its advantages like easier to access, copy and distribute. But as what we have seen, series of malice activities like copyright infringement, counterfeiting, piracy and information distortion make damages to both the producers and the users of digital products. So we really need some technology to protect the copyright, authenticity, integrity of the digital products and the intellectual property of the users. There are many techniques such as Digital watermarking and Visual Cryptography both have been widely used for protection of data either in text, video, sound or digital images form in modern network time. Digital watermarking is an evolving field that requires continuous effort to find for the best possible method in protecting multimedia content. But Visual Cryptography is a special encryption technique to hide information in images in such a way that it can be decrypted by the human vision if the correct key image is used. Both techniques addresses the growing concerns of theft and tampering of digital media through the use of advanced signal processing strategies to embed copyright and authentication information within media content in their respective manner. In this paper we have discussed image fingerprinting with the help of visual cryptography technique. Keywords: Authentication, Digital Media, Digital Watermarking, Fingerprinting, Image, Piracy, Visual Cryptograph

A Survey on Piracy Protection Techniques in Digital Cinema Watermarking Schemes

Watermarking is used in several areas such as CDNs (Content Delivery Networks), as part of the rights management system for counterfeit prevention. Watermarking schemes need some additional features in order to be used in digital cinema. In fact, extra watermarks are added to movies by cinema projectors in projection time, which help identify the cinema hall in which the illegal copy has been recorded. But distortions caused by hand vibrations and the point of view angle make it difficult to recover the watermark. This makes it necessary to be distortion-resistant for the watermarking schemes used in digital cinema. On the other hand, theatre owners would like to locate the camcorder that has recorded the pirate copy. This requires watermarking schemes to be able to estimate the distance and angle using the distributed pirate copy. In this chapter, we present a review on watermarking techniques specifically designed to attack the aforementioned problems

Digital watermarking and novel security devices

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo