Energy-Efficient Flow Scheduling and Routing with Hard Deadlines in Data Center Networks

The power consumption of enormous network devices in data centers has emerged as a big concern to data center operators. Despite many traffic-engineering-based solutions, very little attention has been paid on performance-guaranteed energy saving schemes. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-saving model for data center networks by scheduling and routing "deadline-constrained flows" where the transmission of every flow has to be accomplished before a rigorous deadline, being the most critical requirement in production data center networks. Based on speed scaling and power-down energy saving strategies for network devices, we aim to explore the most energy efficient way of scheduling and routing flows on the network, as well as determining the transmission speed for every flow. We consider two general versions of the problem. For the version of only flow scheduling where routes of flows are pre-given, we show that it can be solved polynomially and we develop an optimal combinatorial algorithm for it. For the version of joint flow scheduling and routing, we prove that it is strongly NP-hard and cannot have a Fully Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) unless P=NP. Based on a relaxation and randomized rounding technique, we provide an efficient approximation algorithm which can guarantee a provable performance ratio with respect to a polynomial of the total number of flows.Comment: 11 pages, accepted by ICDCS'1

Energy management in communication networks: a journey through modelling and optimization glasses

The widespread proliferation of Internet and wireless applications has produced a significant increase of ICT energy footprint. As a response, in the last five years, significant efforts have been undertaken to include energy-awareness into network management. Several green networking frameworks have been proposed by carefully managing the network routing and the power state of network devices. Even though approaches proposed differ based on network technologies and sleep modes of nodes and interfaces, they all aim at tailoring the active network resources to the varying traffic needs in order to minimize energy consumption. From a modeling point of view, this has several commonalities with classical network design and routing problems, even if with different objectives and in a dynamic context. With most researchers focused on addressing the complex and crucial technological aspects of green networking schemes, there has been so far little attention on understanding the modeling similarities and differences of proposed solutions. This paper fills the gap surveying the literature with optimization modeling glasses, following a tutorial approach that guides through the different components of the models with a unified symbolism. A detailed classification of the previous work based on the modeling issues included is also proposed

Energy Conservation in an Internet Routing of a Packet Delivery by Routing Algebra

We rather pick a hop-by-hop approach. Such an approach is appropriate for the systems without MPLS conveyed. All the more particularly, every router can independently figure next hops, the same as what they do in Dijkstra today. We would then be able to effectively join the routing algorithm into the OSPF protocol. We initially build up a power demonstrate and approve the model utilizing genuine examinations in business routers. We at that point create standards and a benchmark hop-by-hop green routing algorithm that ensures circle free directing. The algorithm takes after the generally known steering variable based math with isotonic property. We additionally build up a propelled algorithm that generously enhances the pattern algorithm in energy preservation. We likewise build up an algorithm that simultaneously considers energy protection and way extend. We assess our algorithm utilizing thorough reproductions on manufactured and genuine topologies and activity traces

Green Internet Routing Between Traffic Volume and Power Consumption

We plan a green Internet routing plan, where the routing can lead movement in a way that is green. We contrast from past reviews where they switch organize parts, for example, line cards and routers, into rest mode. We don't prune the Internet topology. We initially build up a power display, and approve it utilizing genuine business routers. Rather than building up a brought together optimization algorithm, which requires extra protocols, for example, MPLS to appear in the Internet, we pick a hop-by-hop approach. It is accordingly significantly less demanding to incorporate our plan into the present Internet. We logically create three algorithms, which are loop-free, substantially reduce energy consumption, and mutually consider green and QoS prerequisites, for example, way extend

Carbon-Intelligent Global Routing in Path-Aware Networks

The growing energy consumption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has raised concerns about its environmental impact. However, the carbon efficiency of data transmission over the Internet has so far received little attention. This carbon efficiency can be enhanced effectively by sending traffic over carbon-efficient inter-domain paths. However, challenges in estimating and disseminating carbon intensity of inter-domain paths have prevented carbon-aware path selection from becoming a reality. In this paper, we take advantage of path-aware network architectures to overcome these challenges. In particular, we design CIRo, a system for forecasting the carbon intensity of inter-domain paths and disseminating them across the Internet. We implement a proof of concept for CIRo on the codebase of the SCION path-aware Internet architecture and test it on the SCIONLab global research testbed. Further, we demonstrate the potential of CIRo for reducing the carbon footprint of endpoints and end domains through large-scale simulations. We show that CIRo can reduce the carbon intensity of communications by at least 47% for half of the domain pairs and the carbon footprint of Internet usage by at least 50% for 87% of end domains

Cloud computing: survey on energy efficiency

International audienceCloud computing is today’s most emphasized Information and Communications Technology (ICT) paradigm that is directly or indirectly used by almost every online user. However, such great significance comes with the support of a great infrastructure that includes large data centers comprising thousands of server units and other supporting equipment. Their share in power consumption generates between 1.1% and 1.5% of the total electricity use worldwide and is projected to rise even more. Such alarming numbers demand rethinking the energy efficiency of such infrastructures. However, before making any changes to infrastructure, an analysis of the current status is required. In this article, we perform a comprehensive analysis of an infrastructure supporting the cloud computing paradigm with regards to energy efficiency. First, we define a systematic approach for analyzing the energy efficiency of most important data center domains, including server and network equipment, as well as cloud management systems and appliances consisting of a software utilized by end users. Second, we utilize this approach for analyzing available scientific and industrial literature on state-of-the-art practices in data centers and their equipment. Finally, we extract existing challenges and highlight future research directions