A multisite study of performance drivers among institutional review boards.

Introduction:The time required to obtain Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval is a frequent subject of efforts to reduce unnecessary delays in initiating clinical trials. This study was conducted by and for IRB directors to better understand factors affecting approval times as a first step in developing a quality improvement framework. Methods:807 IRB-approved clinical trials from 5 University of California campuses were analyzed to identify operational and clinical trial characteristics influencing IRB approval times. Results:High workloads, low staff ratios, limited training, and the number and types of ancillary reviews resulted in longer approval times. Biosafety reviews and the need for billing coverage analysis were ancillary reviews that contributed to the longest delays. Federally funded and multisite clinical trials had shorter approval times. Variability in between individual committees at each institution reviewing phase 3 multisite clinical trials also contributed to delays for some protocols. Accreditation was not associated with shorter approval times. Conclusions:Reducing unnecessary delays in obtaining IRB approval will require a quality improvement framework that considers operational and study characteristics as well as the larger institutional regulatory environment

Electronic IRB Submission with Cayuse IRB

The purpose of the session will be to introduce and demo Cayuse IRB. On January 2, 2020, the IRB submission process at LU will change drastically when Cayuse IRB goes live! Researchers will no longer complete and submit the Word document application and supporting documents by email. Instead, they will log in to the Cayuse IRB submission platform, provide the requested information, attach their supporting documents, and submit their study

Credit risk in European banks: The bright side of the internal ratings based approach

This paper investigates the accuracy of internal rating based (IRB) models in measuring credit risk. We contribute to the growing debate on the current prudential regulatory framework by investigating the use of validated IRB models in promoting efficient risk management practices. Our empirical analysis is based on a novel panel data set of 177 Western European banks observed from 2008 to 2015, in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. We find that IRB banks were able to curb the increase in credit risk driven by the macroeconomic slowdown better than banks under the standardized approach. This suggests that the introduction of the internal ratings based approach by Basel II has promoted the adoption of stronger risk management practices among banks, as meant by the regulators

Constraints to the SSC model for Mkn 501

We fit the SEDs of the TeV blazar Mkn 501 adopting the homogeneous Synchrotron-Self Compton model to simultaneous X-ray and TeV spectra recently become available. We present detailed model spectra calculated with the above constraints and taking into account the absorption of TeV photons by the IR background. We found that the curved TeV spectra can be naturally reproduced even without IRB absorption. Taking IRB absorption into account changes the required parameter values only slightly.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "X-Ray Astronomy '99", Bologna, Italy, September 199

Treatment of Double Default Effects within the Granularity Adjustment for Basel II

Within the Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) approach of Basel II it is assumed that idiosyncratic risk has been fully diversi?ed away. The impact of undiversi?ed idiosyncratic risk on portfolio Value-at-Risk can be quanti?ed via a granularity adjustment (GA). We provide an analytic formula for the GA in an extended single- factor CreditRisk+ setting incorporating double default e?ects. It accounts for guarantees and their e?ect of reducing credit risk in the portfolio. Our general GA very well suits for application under Pillar 2 of Basel II as the data inputs are drawn from quantities already required for the calculation of IRB capital charges.analytic approximation, Basel II, counterparty risk, double default, granularity adjustment, IRB approach, securitization

Issue 16: Irregular Migration to Canada: Addressing Current Policy Responses that Impact Refugee Claimants’ Arrival and Settlement in the Country

The unexpected influx of refugee claimants irregularly crossing the US-Canada border since 2016 has strained Canada’s immigration system. According to the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (IRB), 47,425 claims were referred to the IRB in 2017, and more than 43,000 were still pending at the end of the year (IRB, 2017). This only increased in the following years; in 2018, 55,388 claims were referred to the IRB and as of June of 2019 more than 74,000 were still pending. Compared to the total claims referred to the IRB in 2016 (23,350) and 2015 (16,592), these numbers represent a significant increase which consequently strains Canadian settlement services (IRB, 2019a). While Canada has a global reputation for humanitarianism and human rights leadership (Atak, et. al 2018), the lack of coordination to effectively manage the increase in inland claims during recent years reflects systemic limitations of the reception and processing of spontaneous and irregular arrivals. This Policy Points discusses Canadian policy changes and responses to refugee claimants and analyzes how these are detrimental for their arrival and settlement in Canada

A characterization of the nn-ary many-sorted closure operators and a many-sorted Tarski irredundant basis theorem

A theorem of single-sorted algebra states that, for a closure space $(A,J)$ and a natural number $n$, the closure operator $J$ on the set $A$ is $n$-ary if, and only if, there exists a single-sorted signature $\Sigma$ and a $\Sigma$-algebra $\mathbf{A}$ such that every operation of $\mathbf{A}$ is of an arity $\leq n$ and $J = \mathrm{Sg}_{\mathbf{A}}$, where $\mathrm{Sg}_{\mathbf{A}}$ is the subalgebra generating operator on $A$ determined by $\mathbf{A}$. On the other hand, a theorem of Tarski asserts that if $J$ is an $n$-ary closure operator on a set $A$ with $n\geq 2$, and if $i<j$ with $i$, $j\in \mathrm{IrB}(A,J)$, where $\mathrm{IrB}(A,J)$ is the set of all natural numbers $n$ such that $(A,J)$ has an irredundant basis ($\equiv$ minimal generating set) of $n$ elements, such that $\{i+1,\ldots, j-1\}\cap \mathrm{IrB}(A,J) = \varnothing$, then $j-i\leq n-1$. In this article we state and prove the many-sorted counterparts of the above theorems. But, we remark, regarding the first one under an additional condition: the uniformity of the many-sorted closure operator

Reforming Capital Requirements in Emerging Countries: Calibrating Basel II using Historical Argentine Credit Bureau Data and CreditRisk+

Emerging economies are likely to be more volatile and asset risk more correlated than in industrialized countries. In this paper we discuss how credit scoring techniques and modern credit risk portfolio models can be used to measure credit risk and check Basel II calibration for such an environment. After reviewing the development of credit risk portfolio models, to explain our choice in using CreditRisk+, we discuss the definition and estimation methodology for a set of essential parameter inputs, which in turn depend on the data available - in this case from the Argentine public credit bureau. We then simulate, bank by bank, the introduction of Basel II's foundation IRB approach using the same data for Argentina and compare the results. We analyze how the IRB approach might be recalibrated and finally discuss a set of other issues regarding IRB implementation in an emerging economy.

Institutional Title IX Requirements for Researchers Conducting Human Subjects Research on Sexual Violence and other Forms of Interpersonal Violence

The purpose of this white paper is to provide guidance on how university and college Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and IRB administrators can oversee, and researchers can conduct, research investigating the different aspects of Sexual Violence and other forms of Interpersonal Violence

The Basel II accord : internal ratings and bank differentiation

The Basel Committee plans to differentiate risk-adjusted capital requirements between banks regulated under the internal ratings based (IRB) approach and banks under the standard approach. We investigate the consequences for the lending capacity and the failure risk of banks in a model with endogenous interest rates. The optimal regulatory response depends on the banks' inclination to increase their portfolio risk. If IRB-banks are well-capitalized or gain little from taking risks, then they will increase their market share and hold safe portfolios. As risk-taking incentives become more important, the optimal portfolio size of banks adopting intern rating systems will be increasingly constrained, and ultimately they may lose market share relative to banks using the standard approach. The regulator has only limited options to avoid the excessive adoption of internal rating systems. JEL Klassifikation: K13, H41