An expansionary approach for the allocation of next generation ipv6 internet addresses.

Tesis ini menunjukkan bahawa ‘penyahpusatan lanjut bagi peruntukan Pengalamat Internet IPv6 Generasi Akan Datang adalah mungkin tanpa memberi kesan terhadap kebolehskalaan (scalability) dan kestabilan sistem laluan Internet.’ Ia menjelaskan suatu ‘Pendekatan Ekspansionari’ dan ‘Model Implementasi’ yang memungkinkan penyahpusatan yang sedemikian. This thesis shows that ‘further decentralization for the allocation of Next Generation IPv6 Internet Addresses is possible without affecting the scalability and stability of the Internet routing system.’ It describes an ‘Expansionary Approach’ and an ‘Implementation model’ that allows for such decentralization

Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account: exploring the cultural space of the Net from the inside

The research project The Internet as a space for interaction, which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the Net’s organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project’s final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards. --

Design and testing of an experimental IPv4-to-IPv6 transition network / Mustaffa Samad

The Internet has been an integral part of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) community in recent years. New internet users have been growing steadily over the years. This has lead to the depletion of new Internet Protocol (IP) addresses worldwide. To overcome this predicament, the new Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) had been introduced. The existing Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is expected to be eventually replaced by this IPv6. The changeover from IPv4 to IPv6 is expected to be implemented progressively. During this transition period, these two protocols are expected to coexist for a number of years. IPv4-to-IPv6 transition tools have been designed to facilitate a smooth transition from IPv4 to IPv6. The two most basic IPv4-to-IPv6 transition tools available are the hybrid stack mechanism and tunneling. Tunneling is the encapsulation of IPv6 traffic within IPv4 packets so they can be sent over an IPv4 infrastructure. This project was initiated to set up an experimental IPv6 testbed, in order to study the performance as well as transition and migration issues of IPv6 networks under controlled conditions. This paper looks at how tunneling can be performed over existing internetwork infrastructure at Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik (FKE), UiTM

Internet... the final frontier: an ethnographic account ; exploring the cultural space of the net from the inside

"The research project 'The Internet as a space for interaction', which completed its mission in Autumn 1998, studied the constitutive features of network culture and network organisation. Special emphasis was given to the dynamic interplay of technical and social conventions regarding both the net's organisation as well as its change. The ethnographic perspective chosen studied the Internet from the inside. Research concentrated upon three fields of study: the hegemonial operating technology of net nodes (UNIX) the network’s basic transmission technology (the Internet Protocol IP) and a popular communication service (Usenet). The project's final report includes the results of the three branches explored. Drawing upon the development in the three fields it is shown that changes that come about on the Net are neither anarchic nor arbitrary. Instead, the decentrally organised Internet is based upon technically and organisationally distributed forms of coordination within which individual preferences collectively attain the power of developing into definitive standards." (author's abstract)"Das im Herbst 1998 abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekt 'Interaktionsraum Internet' hat sich mit den konstitutiven Merkmalen der Netzkultur und Netzwerkorganisation beschäftigt. Im Vordergrund des Interesses stand das dynamische Zusammenspiel technischer und gesellschaftlicher Konventionen in der Organisation wie auch im Wandel des Netzes. Die ethnographisch angeleitete Binnenperspektive auf das Internet konzentrierte sich auf drei ausgewählte Bereiche, um Prozesse der Institutionenbildung und die Formen ihrer Transformation zu studieren: die hegemoniale Betriebstechnik der Netzknoten (UNIX), die grundlegende Übertragungstechnik im Netz (das Internet Protokoll IP) und einen populären Kommunikationsdienst (Usenet). Der Schlußbericht des Projekts enthält die Ergebnisse der drei Untersuchungsstränge. Gezeigt wird anhand der Entwicklung in den drei Feldern, daß sich der Wandel des Netzes weder beliebig noch anarchisch vollzieht. Das dezentral organisierte Internet beruht vielmehr auf technisch wie organisatorisch verteilten Formen der Koordination, in denen individuelle Handlungspräferenzen kollektiv definitionsmächtig werden." (Autorenreferat

Influencing the Internet: Democratizing the Politics that Shape Internet Governance

Internet governance refers to the processes to make decisions about how the internet is managed locally, nationally, regionally and internationally. This sociotechnical infrastructure (which includes the people, practices, standards and institutions that govern different components of the internet) has evolved in a way that is often indifferent to questions of human rights, justice and democracy.Research from this new white paper by the National Democratic Institute has found there is a lack of meaningful participation or oversight in these institutions from civil society, journalists and democratically elected political actors. The voices heard in internet policy and regulatory spaces are not geographically diverse, with inadequate representation from outside of North America, Europe and China. Even among high-income countries, women of all backgrounds, as well as people with disabilities and those who do not speak English fluently, face challenges in participating in internet governance fora.Current models of internet governance are being challenged from different directions, not all of them positive for democracy, as different stakeholders acknowledge these flaws. One challenge is in determining how multistakeholder institutions can reinvent themselves to offer a better alternative and avert a slide toward state-dominated governance models, by making themselves into something that stakeholders who currently feel excluded have greater reason to support. If these traditionally underrepresented stakeholders were to gain more negotiating leverage in internet governance institutions, existing and future norms would be renegotiated and the resulting standards, policies and protocols would have the potential to better serve democratic outcomes.This white paper explores some of the barriers to participation in national, regional and international fora on the development of internet norms, policies, and standards. It also outlines recommendations for different stakeholder groups, including donors, development agencies, governments, activists, civil society organizations, internet governance institutions, and the private sector, to improve coordination and make meaningful progress towards more inclusive outcomes

An investigation into some critical computer networking parameters : Internet addressing and routing

This thesis describes the evaluation of several proposals suggested as replacements for the currenT Internet's TCPJIP protocol suite. The emphasis of this thesis is on how the proposals solve the current routing and addressing problems associated with the Internet. The addressing problem is found to be related to address space depletion, and the routing problem related to excessive routing costs. The evaluation is performed based on criteria selected for their applicability as future Internet design criteria. AIl the protocols are evaluated using the above-mentioned criteria. It is concluded that the most suitable addressing mechanism is an expandable multi-level format, with a logical separation of location and host identification information. Similarly, the most suitable network representation technique is found to be an unrestricted hierarchical structure which uses a suitable abstraction mechanism. It is further found that these two solutions could adequately solve the existing addressing and routing problems and allow substantial growth of the Internet

IPv6 Deployment in a Service Provider's Data Center Network

Tämä diplomityö on tehty toimeksiantona Capgemini Finland Oy:lle (myöh. Capgemini). Sen tavoitteena on ottaa IPv6-protokolla käyttöön Capgeminin konesaliverkossa niin, että se on saavutettavissa Internetistä IPv4-protokollan lisäksi myös IPv6-protokollalla. Työn ensimmäisessä luvussa kerrotaan lyhyesti siitä, mitkä tämän työn taustat ja tavoitteet ovat sekä minkä ongelman ja osaongelmat se ratkaisee. Toisessa luvussa kerrotaan, mitkä IPv4-protokollan ongelmat ovat ja miksi IPv6-protokolla lopulta korvaa sen. Kolmannessa luvussa esitellään IPv6-protokollaa ja sen tukiprotokollia IETF:n (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC-dokumenttien (Request For Comments) ja kirjallisuuden pohjalta. Neljännessä luvussa perehdytään lyhyesti IPv6-protokollan tietoturvaan IPv6-käyttöönottoon liittyen ja kerrotaan, millaisia IPv6-transitiomekanismeja on olemassa. Viidennessä luvussa näytetään ensin tyypillinen palvelinkeskuksen konesaliverkon verkkotopologia ja esitellään sen jälkeen Capgeminin konesaliverkon rakenne. Kuudennessa luvussa yhdistetään Capgeminin konesaliverkko Internetiin IPv6-protokollalla ja rakennetaan Capeminin laboratorioon IPv6-testiverkko. Luvussa kehitetään myös konsepti, jolla voidaan provisioida IPv6-protokollalla toimiva www-palvelu Capgeminin konesaliverkossa mahdollisimman helposti ja kustannustehokkaasti. Lopuksi seitsemännessä luvussa käydään läpi IPv6-käyttöönoton tulokset, seuraukset ja siinä esiintyneet haasteet sekä tehdään suunnitelma siitä, mitkä ovat seuraavat askeleet IPv6-protokollan laajemmalle käyttöönotolle Capgeminin konesaliverkossa.This Master's thesis was done for Capgemini Finland Oy (later referred to as Capgemini). The objective of the thesis is to deploy the IPv6 protocol in Capgemini's data center network so that it is reachable from the Internet also via IPv6 in addition to IPv4. In the first chapter of the thesis the background and objectives of the thesis in addition to the problem it solves are discussed. In the second chapter the inadequacy of the IPv4 protocol and the reasons why IPv6 will eventually replace it are explained. In the third chapter the IPv6 base protocol and its supporting protocols are presented based on RFC (Request For Comments) documents published by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and literature. In the fourth chapter IPv6 security with respect to the IPv6 deployment and IPv6 transition mechanisms are introduced. In the fifth chapter, a typical data center network topology is first shown after which the Capgemini data center network is showcased. In the sixth chapter the Capgemini data center network is connected to the Internet via IPv6 and an IPv6 test network is set up in the Capgemini laboratory. A proof of concept to provision an IPv6 web service in the Capgemini data center network with minimal capital and operational expenditure is also developed. Finally, in the seventh chapter the results, consequences and challenges of the IPv6 deployment are reviewed and a plan is made as to what the next steps for a more comprehensive IPv6 deployment in the Capgemini data center network are

Understanding IPv6 resistance: A model of resistance among Indonesian organizations

Since its inception in the 1970s, the Internet’s underlying protocol, IPv4, has been incredibly successful; however, the massive and unanticipated growth of the Internet has revealed its limitations. IPv6 was developed as a solution, but despite having many technological improvements its adoption remains very rare. This research examines organizational resistance to IPv6 and proposes an IPv6 Resistance Model which has been developed, empirically tested and validated in the context of Indonesian organizations