Exact gravitational plane waves and two-dimensional gravity

We discuss dynamical aspects of gravitational plane waves in Einstein theory with massless scalar fields. The general analytic solution describes colliding gravitational waves with constant polarization, which interact with scalar waves and, for generic initial data, produce a spacetime singularity at the focusing hypersurface. There is, in addition, an infinite family of regular solutions and an intriguing static geometry supported by scalar fields. Upon dimensional reduction, the theory can be viewed as an exactly solvable two-dimensional gravity model. This provides a new viewpoint on the gravitational dynamics. Finally, we comment on a simple mechanism by which short-distance corrections in the two-dimensional model can remove the singularity.Comment: 8 page

Effective cosmological constant induced by stochastic fluctuations of Newton's constant

We consider implications of the microscopic dynamics of spacetime for the evolution of cosmological models. We argue that quantum geometry effects may lead to stochastic fluctuations of the gravitational constant, which is thus considered as a macroscopic effective dynamical quantity. Consistency with Riemannian geometry entails the presence of a time-dependent dark energy term in the modified field equations, which can be expressed in terms of the dynamical gravitational constant. We suggest that the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe may be ascribed to quantum fluctuations in the geometry of spacetime rather than the vacuum energy from the matter sector.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, v2: added legend in Fig.1 and a referenc

A receding torus model for the Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect for Compton-thick AGN

Recently, Boorman et al. (2018) reported on the discovery of the Iwasawa-Taniguchi (I-T) effect (a.k.a. X-ray Baldwin effect) for Compton-thick AGN. They measured a decrease of the 6.4 keV iron line equivalent width with the 12mu luminosity, assumed as a proxy for the intrinsic X-ray luminosity, which in Compton-thick AGN is not directly observable. One of the most popular explanations of the classic I-T effect is the so-called receding torus model, i.e. the decrease of the covering factor of the molecular `torus' with X-ray luminosity. In this paper we show that an I-T effect for Compton-thick AGN is indeed expected in the receding torus model, assuming that the torus is funnelling the primary X-ray luminosity which is then scattered in a `hot mirror'. We found that the observed relation is well reproduced provided that the typical column density of the `hot mirror' is about 7.5x10^{22} cm^{-2}.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Kaon oscillations in the Standard Model and Beyond using Nf=2 dynamical quarks

We compute non-perturbatively the B-parameters of the complete basis of four-fermion operators needed to study the Kaon oscillations in the SM and in its supersymmetric extension. We perform numerical simulations with two dynamical maximally twisted sea quarks at three values of the lattice spacing on configurations generated by the ETMC. Unwanted operator mixings and O(a) discretization effects are removed by discretizing the valence quarks with a suitable Osterwalder-Seiler variant of the Twisted Mass action. Operators are renormalized non-perturbatively in the RI/MOM scheme. Our preliminary result for BK(RGI) is 0.73(3)(3).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, proceedings of the XXVII Int'l Symposyum on Lattice Field Theory (LAT2009), July 26-31 2009, Peking University, Beijing (China