Application of bivariate spectral quasilinearization method to second grade fluid flow equations.

Masters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.In this study, the steady flow of a second grade magnetohydrodynamic fluid in a porous channel is investigated. We further investigate the hydromagnetic flow of a second grade fluid over a stretching sheet. The partial differential equations that describe the flows are solved numerically using the bivariate spectral quasilinearization method. The method is extended to a system of non-similar partial differential equations that model the steady two dimensional flow of Falkner-Skan flow of an incompressible second grade nano fluid. The work is also concerned with heat and the mass transfer from the electrically conducting second grade magnetohydrodynamic fluid over a stretching sheet. The sensitivity of the flow characteristics with respect to the second grade fluid parameter, magnetic field parameter, thermal radiation parameter, and the chemical reaction parameter are investigated. The accuracy of the numerical method is determined using the residual error analysis

Hydromagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer of Eyring-Powell Fluid over an Oscillatory Stretching Sheet with Thermal Radiation

An analysis is carried out to investigate the magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer in an unsteady flow of Eyring-Powell fluid over an oscillatory stretching surface. The radiation effects are also considered in energy equation. The flow is induced due to infinite elastic sheet which is stretched periodically back and forth in its own plane. Finite difference scheme is used to solve dimensionless partial differential equations. The effects of emerging parameters on both velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated through graphs. The results obtained by means of finite difference scheme are compared with earlier studies and found in excellent agreement

Effects of internal heat generation, thermal radiation, and buoyancy force on boundary layer over a vertical plate with a convective boundary condition

In this paper we analyze the effects of internal heat generation, thermal radiation, and buoyancy force on the laminar boundary layer about a vertical plate in a uniform stream of fluid under a convective surface boundary condition. In the analysis, we assumed that left surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid while a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the right surface with a heat source that decays exponentially. Similarity variable method is applied to the governing non-linear partial differential equations. The transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of Prandtl number, local Biot number, the internal heat generation parameter, thermal radiation, and the local Grashof number on the velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results in special case of the problem shows an excellent agreement

Hall current and suction/injection effects on the entropy generation of third grade fluid

In this work, effects of Hall current and suction/injection on a steady, viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting third grade fluid past a semi-infinite plate with entropy generation is investigated. It is assumed that the fluid motion is induced by applied pressure gradient. Hot fluid is injected with a constant velocity at the injection wall while it is sucked off at the upper wall with the same velocity. The governing equations of Navier-Stoke, energy and entropy generation obtained are non-dimensionalised, the resulting dimensionless velocity and temperature profiles are solved by Adomian decomposition technique due to the nonlinearity of the coupled system of equations. The obtained solution for the velocity profile is validated by the exact solution and the existing one in literature at M = 0 and the analytical expressions for fluid velocity and temperature are utilized to calculate the entropy generation and irreversibility ratio. Various plots are presented and discussed. It is found that increasing Hall current parameter increases primary velocity, temperature, entropy generation and Bejan number while the reverse trend is observed when both suction/injection and magnetic field parameters are increased. It is also noticed that entropy production at the upper wall is due to heat transfer

The effects of lawsonia inermis pigmentation for superhydrophobic properties on cotton fabrics

Nowadays, there are many things that can be produced easily by the help of modern technologies. This include the synthetic materials that can be developed by using any advance machine that was manufactured [1]. However, those synthetics materials that was developed may bring harm to the environment. Their particles can be spread resulting an unhealthy atmosphere. Thus, the natural resources was used to produce an authentic materials (Calarge, 2018). In the recent years, textile industry has been developed significantly and contributes to the growth of Malaysia’s economy [2]. It can be categorized as one of the complicated industries among the manufacturing industries such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries [3]. Thus, the textile industries require high water consumption and resulting on high discharge rate of wastewater that loaded with contaminants [2]. The generation of wastewater from textile industry comes from the manufacturing process of textile fabrics such as washing scouring bleaching, mercerizing, and dyeing and finishing process. The highest amount of wastewater that produced from textile industries come from the process of dyeing and finishing. The contaminants of water that produced by dyeing and finishing process include high suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), heat, colour, acidity, basicity, and other organic pollutants [4]. This matter has to be seriously concerned as it may lead to allergic responses, eczema, and also affect the liver, lungs, and immune system of humans as well as animals [3]. The purpose for the project of the effects of Lawsonia Inermis was basically to produce a natural pigment that may not harm the environmen

Radiative and magnetohydrodynamics flow of third grade viscoelastic fluid past an isothermal inverted cone in the presence of heat generation/absorption

A mathematical analysis is presented to investigate the nonlinear, isothermal, steady-state, free convection boundary layer flow of an incompressible third grade viscoelastic fluid past an isothermal inverted cone in the presence of magnetohydrodynamic, thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption. The transformed conservation equations for linear momentum, heat and mass are solved numerically subject to the realistic boundary conditions using the second-order accurate implicit finite-difference Keller Box Method. The numerical code is validated with previous studies. Detailed interpretation of the computations is included. The present simulations are of interest in chemical engineering systems and solvent and low-density polymer materials processing