A Study on the Trading Routes Connecting the Red Sea and Ethiopia as Serial Heritages

The Red Sea Area in north-east Africa, characterized by its specific geographical condition represented by deserts and highlands, has been the stage of interrelation among different political powers and cultural groups. The presence of imperial Ethiopia was decisive in the highland area while other powers such as Egypt and Turkey tried to dominate coastal area by way of navigation. Port cities like Suakin, Massawa, Zeila were thus established under the authority of Ottoman Empire or Egyptian rulers. These ports were connected to inland cities by caravan route. Inland post cities like Sennar, Adowa, and Harar flourished as relaying post and market. This paper aims at the analysis and the re-evaluation of the onceexisted network of such caravan routes by clarifying the urban formation of port and post cities, the identification of the routes, their transformation in the modern period and resulting decaying process. The rapid changes of transportation system in the 20^ century have made them out of fashion. Some of these cities have been menaced by severe deterioration, both in natural and social senses

A study on the living condition and the housing problem in central Gondar, Ethiopia

This paper aims at analysis of the housing conditions of a historical city Gondar in Ethiopia. Although rich in historical relics within a historical core formulated in the course of an imperial period since the 17^ century, the central zone of Gondar is suffering from the deterioration of urban blocks generated by a series of modern master planning since 1930\u27s. Repeated field surveys in situ revealed the typological nature of built environment as well as social characteristics of inhabitants residing there. Dominance of female population, juxtaposition of shady occupation and historical monuments, concentration of the poor depending on the informal sector, are the main points abstracted from the surveys. Coordination within public housing is the key for the amelioration of actual situation

Sylvia Earle: Ocean Life Makes Human Life Possible

Legendary oceanographer and marine scientist lauds RWU for marine biology and aquaculture programs as a leading example of research and conservation efforts

Longer Lives?: Understanding the Human Life Extension Possibilities

Over the last few years, ethical and social issues related to life extension have gathered much attention among biologists, medical doctors and philosophers. However, despite the general agreement on the importance of life extension both for biogerontology and philosophy of medicine, a satisfactory definition of life extension has not been provided yet. In order to mediate with all the knowledge, in this paper I will present a conceptual model of human life extension: (1) to offer a general definition and some biomedical aspects; (2) to present the origin of the ethical mistake; (3) to introduce two levels: moderate human life extension and radical life extension (4) to comment successful aging idea.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech