高齢者の健康管理におけるウェアラブルデバイスと中国伝統医学の役割

早大学位記番号:新8258早稲田大

Embodiment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Discourse: Healing, Silence and the Miracle Cure

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), a thousand-year old medical practice originated in China, has stepped into the western world with globalization for years. TCM has entered the West with its foreign, distant and “unscientific” concepts despite the fact that medicine globalization is still a contested concept. My thesis aims to understand the embodied concepts of TCM through practitioner-patient interaction as culturally specific constructs. Among many TCM medical and philosophical concepts, I specifically focus on the healing, the silence and the miracle cure and how they are embodied and co-constructed by the practitioner and the patient during acupuncture, herb prescription and tuina massage treatment sessions. Using a discourse analytic approach informed by ethnographic field notes and interviews conducted in 2014 Kunming China, my thesis looks at data of video recordings of acupuncture, pulse reading and tuina massage sessions, through which I define the embodiments of TCM discourse are feelings as healing, interacting silences and the “miracle-minded” (Zhan, 2009) cure. The current thesis will provide groundwork for future inter/cross-cultural TCM practitioner-patient interaction comparison for the purpose of developing culturally competent alternative healthcare materials. It also provides the interactional and cultural insights to further research how to handle the interculturality of TCM in the West for the purpose of the betterment of the holistic treatment in the United States. Also, through studying the embodiment of TCM concepts in interaction, it provides us interactional and cultural insights to further our understandings of the interculturality with TCM labeled as the holistic treatment around the world

Divine illumination: traditional Chinese medicine and the spirit field theory of Wolfhart Pannenberg

The discussion of divine action in the field of science and religion is largely divided into two schools of thought, compatibilism and incompatibilism. Incompatibilists, in the main, discuss the physical and spiritual as separate phenomena that relate across some manner of causal joint. These arguments, while theological, are often situated in the contemporary monism of Western scientific naturalism, wherein the universe is considered to be fully natural. However, Western sciences, such as physics and biology, focus upon empirical or measurable phenomena, and do not provide for metaphysical explanations. Theories of divine action in the world based in the monism of scientific naturalism are therefore often dualistic, with natural and supernatural phenomena considered separately. A worldview that offers scientific inquiry of supernatural phenomena may, I suggest, move incompatibilist theories from dualism to monism—providing for more clear discussions of God’s immanent action in the universe. It is therefore the purpose of this thesis to present a manner in which the spirit field theory of Wolfhart Pannenberg may be beneficially interpreted so that incompatibilist scholars in science and religion may employ spirit field theory in the discussion of divine action. I have chosen to address the incompatabalist view for three reasons. First, the incompatibilist school of thought in science and religion is comprehensively discussed in extensive publications, and indeed presents many well-structured arguments. While the compatibilist school of thought also displays several persuasive arguments, the incompatibilists are more widely published, and therefore present a more dynamic conversation partner. Second, the most critical assessments of spirit field theory come from those who subscribe to the incompatibilist school of thought. And finally, the dualistic nature of incompatibilist thought is the primary issue that this thesis will address. This manner of dualism is not often written of in the compatibilist school, and as such, the compatibilist perspective of divine action may not be as positively impacted by this work. Spirit field theory may allow incompatibilists to view the immanent presence of God’s actions in an intelligible manner. However, incompatibilists have largely rejected this theory, labeling it as inappropriate to science and theology. I offer, that if the spirit field is interpreted through the lens of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), then many of the questions from incompatibilists may be answered. The cosmology of TCM, as well as the particular view of Qi in relation to the human body in TCM, affords a comprehensive and intelligible presentation of Qi in which natural and supernatural are not separate. Therefore, I suggest, that the worldview and language of TCM affords an advantageous perspective from which the actions of the Spirit in spirit field theory may be beneficially interpreted, in order to augment the incompatibilist view of divine action. This argument will be presented by offering a comparative analysis between the actions of Qi in TCM and the actions of the Holy Spirit in spirit field theory. This comparison will be formatted in Jonathan Z. Smith’s five-stage morphological comparative model. In this, I will employ comparative systematics, rather than simply compiling a list of isolated comparable data. I will also: ground the pattern of comparison in processes, develop a complex mechanism for the discussion of the comparison, balance generalities and particularities in a structure integrating both, and finally use the power of pattern as a device for interpretation. I will situate this comparative analysis in a Christian theological context through a critical discussion of the Qi and Holy Spirit comparison. In this, I will display various ways in which these phenomena have been considered similar. I will then advance the conversation by offering the perspective of TCM, suggesting that the TCM view of Qi may find consonance with Pannenberg’s thoughts on divine action in relation to the human body. An important feature of TCM is to determine how the actions of Qi in the body may affect health and wellness; therefore, the function of Qi in this comparison will be primarily situated in the human body. I will also present Pannenberg’s thought on the line of communication between God and humans, as this offers Pannenberg’s perspective of the spirit field in relation to the human person. The primary aim of this thesis is to determine if the worldview and language of TCM pulse diagnosis can be fruitfully applied to the interpretation of spirit field theory. I will employ a comprehensive comparative analysis to place these views in conversation, suggesting that the TCM view of Qi may be a beneficial hermeneutical lens through which to better understand spirit field theory