Review of Zunshine, Lisa, Bastards and Foundlings: Illegitimacy in Eighteenth-Century England

Dr. Ramsbottom\u27s review of Bastards and Foundlings: Illegitimacy in Eighteenth-Century Englan

The decline of illegitimacy and the control of marital fertility during the demographic transition: testing the innovation-diffusion hypothesis using cohort fertility data from a Belgian town, 1850-1910

'Eines der Hauptargumente, das in der Literatur zur Unterstützung der Ansicht vorgebracht wird, dass die europäische Fertilitätstransition das Ergebnis der Verbreitung einer Innovation, Kontrazeption genannt, war, ist, dass die uneheliche Fertilität gleichzeitig mit der ehelichen sank. Tatsächlich weist der parallele Rückgang der Illegitimität und der ehelichen Fertilität im letzten Abschnitt des 19. Jahrhunderts darauf hin, dass die Individuen in Europa neue Formen kontrazeptiven Verhaltens anwandten, die vorher abwesend oder sogar undenkbar waren. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, eine Implikation des Arguments zu überprüfen: Wenn die Diffusionshypothese korrekt ist, würde man erwarten, dass Frauen, die vor der Ehe Kinder bekamen, wahrscheinlich weniger ihre Fruchtbarkeit durch kinderzahlabhängigen Geburtenstopp innerhalb der Ehe kontrollierten als vergleichbare Frauen ohne voreheliche Geburten. Diese Hypothese wird mit einem logistischen Regressionsmodell zum 'Stopping'-Verhalten untersucht, für das Daten dreier Geburtskohorten aus der belgischen Stadt Leuven zwischen 1850 und 1910 verwendet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zumindest in Leuven der Rückgang der Illegitimität zwar teilweise durch die Diffusion eines innovativen kontrazeptiven Verhaltens erklärt werden kann. Mehr als dass sie die diffusionistische Interpretation unterstützen, sprechen die Ergebnisse aber für das 'Courtship'-Modell vorehelicher Schwangerschaften und Geburten. Sie weisen auch darauf hin, dass während der Anfangsphase der Fertilitätstransition uneheliche Geburten bei manchen Personen Ausdruck einer liberalen Einstellung waren. Eine solche Haltung einer zur Illegitimät neigenden Subkultur kann ebenfalls positiv mit einem frühen 'Stopping'-Verhalten verbunden gewesen sein.' (Autorenreferat)'One of the major arguments made in the literature in support of the view that the European fertility transition was the result of the spread of an innovation called contraception, is that illegitimate fertility fell together with marital fertility. Indeed, the parallel decline of both illegitimacy and marital fertility in the final part of the nineteenth century suggests that individuals in Europe were applying new forms of contraceptive behaviour that were previously not done or even unthinkable. The aim of this contribution in to investigate one implication of the argument: if the diffusion hypothesis is correct, one would expect that women who got children before marriage would be less likely to control their fertility by means of parity-dependent stopping behaviour within marriage than comparable women without premarital births. This hypothesis is investigated with a logistic regression model of stopping behaviour using data from three birth cohorts living in the Belgian town of Leuven between 1850 and 1910. The results indicate that, at least in Leuven, the decline of illegitimacy can at most only partly be explained by the diffusion of innovative contraceptive behaviour. More than backing up the diffusionist interpretation, the findings lend particular support to the courtship model of premarital pregnancies and births. The findings also suggest that, during the initial stage of the fertility transition, non-marital childbearing may have reflected a liberal attitude towards reproduction for some. In turn, this liberal attitude in a 'bastardy-prone sub society' may also have been positively associated with early stopping behaviour.' (author's abstract

A Penny for the Little Chinese: The French Holy Childhood Association in China, 1843-1951

Histor

Vincent de Paul’s World of Animals

Vincent de Paul’s texts contain over 650 direct or indirect references to more than 100 animals. These include domesticated animals—especially horses, sheep, cattle, and swine—as well as wild animals: birds, invertebrates, aquatic animals, wolves, and even mythical creatures. Sometimes the references are within the context of animals’ role in the lives of the Congregation, the Daughters, or the poor. More often, animals are used either positively or negatively to explain correct behavior in community life, proper spiritual aspirations, or the ideal (obedient) relationship of humanity to God. Often taken from his own observations, Vincent’s animal citations demonstrate his awareness of and respect for the natural world. In the past and today, they also draw in his audiences and make them more attentive to the lessons he imparts

Freedom and Slavery in Early Islamic Time (1st/7th and 2nd/8th centuries)

This article focuses on two topics: the presumption of freedom in the “literary period” (from the 8th century on) and the question of enslavement, sale, bondage or self-dedition of free persons in the “pre-literary period” (7th and 8th centuries). Based on the assumption that the legal practice in Late Antiquity influenced the discussions of the early Muslim jurists I will try to reconstruct the legal discourse of the 1st/7th and 2nd/ 8th centuries and to show that this discourse comprised interesting legal opinions with regard to the sale of children, debt-bondage and the legal position of foundlings. In the legal literature which emerged from the 2nd/8th century the jurists did not, as one would expect, deal intensively with the topic. Thus there is, as will be shown, a certain inconsistency between the lively and controversial discourse in the “pre-literary period” on the topic, which will be reconstructed in this article, and the marginalization of the topic in the legal literature afterwards.Este artículo se centra en dos cuestiones: por un lado, la presunción de libertad en el «período literario» (desde el s. VIII en adelante); y, por otro, la cuestión de la esclavización, venta o servidumbre —voluntaria o no— de personas libres en la «época preliteraria» (ss. VII y VIII). Asumiendo de partida la idea de que la práctica legal en la Antigüedad Tardía influyó en las discusiones de los primeros juristas musulmanes, trataré de reconstruir el discurso legal de los siglos I/VII y II/VIII y de mostrar que ese discurso contenía interesantes opiniones legales en relación a la venta de niños, servidumbre por deudas y la situación legal de los huérfanos. En la literatura legal que emergió desde el s. II/VIII los juristas, al contrario de lo que se hubiese esperado, no trataron estas cuestiones intensamente. Tal y como se muestra, existe una cierta inconsistencia entre el discurso ameno y controvertido sobre el tema del «período preliterario», que se reconstruye en este artículo, y la marginalización del tema en la literatura legal posterior

Correspondence, Conferences, Documents, Volume XIV. Index.

Translated, edited, and annotated from the 1920 edition of Pierre Coste, C.M. Edited by Sr. Marie Poole, D.C., Sr. Ann Mary Dougherty, D.C. Translated by Sr. Marie Poole, D.C. Annotated by John W. Carven, C.M. After more than 40 years devoted to the preparation of the English edition of the correspondence, conferences, and documents pertaining to Saint Vincent de Paul, this cumulative Index marks the culmination of the entire series. To facilitate research, each entry in the alphabetical index is accompanied by a brief annotation of how it is used on the page or pages given. Place names are printed in italics, and cross references are supplied, where judged appropriate. Many variations in spelling occur. Following the Index are two Appendixes: Biblical References and Errata.https://via.library.depaul.edu/coste_en/1019/thumbnail.jp

Correspondence, Conferences, Documents, Volume XIIIb. Documents vol. 2

Translated, edited, and annotated from the 1924 edition of Pierre Coste, C.M. Edited by Sr. Marie Poole, D.C., Sr. Julia Denton, D.C., Sr. Elinor Hartman, D.C., and Sr. Ellen Van Zandt, D.C. Translated by Sr. Evelyne Franc, D.C., Sr. Marie Poole, D.C., Rev. Thomas Davitt, C.M., Rev. Glennon E. Figge, C.M., Rev. Francis Germovnik, C.M., Rev. John G. Nugent, C.M., and Rev. Andrew Spelman, C.M. Annotated by Rev. John W. Carven, C.M.https://via.library.depaul.edu/vincentian_ebooks/1039/thumbnail.jp