Online monitoring system and data management for KamLAND

In January 22, 2002, KamLAND started the data-taking. The KamLAND detector is a complicated system which consists of liquid scintillator, buffer oil, spherical balloon and so on. In order to maintain the detector safety, we constructed monitoring system which collect detector status information such as balloon weight, liquid scintillator oil level and so on. In addition, we constructed continuous Rn monitoring system for the $^7$Be solar neutrino detection. The KamLAND monitoring system consists of various network, LON, 1-Wire, and TCP/IP, and these are indispensable for continuous experimental data acquisition.Comment: Submitted to Nucl.Instrum.Meth.

Terahertz sensing for pharmaceutical applications

Pharmaceutical tablets are manufactured through the compaction of powder blends or granules in batch or continuous processes. In continuous manufacturing, real-time assurance of quality becomes essential to ensure that the final product meets the quality standards approved by manufacturers and regulatory authorities. Process analytical methods used for real-time monitoring and control should be rapid, non-destructive, and suitable to be conducted in the manufacturing area. This thesis demonstrates the terahertz frequency domain (THz-FD) technique, based on all-electronic solutions, as a fast, sensitive, and non-destructive sensing technique, with the advantage of a reasonable compromise between deep penetration depth and high spatial resolution, high dynamic range, and miniaturization capabilities. In this study, the THz-FD technique was explored to monitor the key physical properties such as tablet density and porosity through effective refractive index using a vector network analyser. In addition, taking advantage of the lower scattering effect of the THz region compared to higher frequencies, the feasibility of terahertz frequency domain spectroscopy (THz-FDS) combined with multivariate analysis to quantify drug content and tablet density was explored. As the quality of the tablets is highly impacted by the powder flow during manufacturing processes, it is beneficial to build quality assurance before the tableting process. In the last study, the capability of a terahertz frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar was for the first time explored to characterise the powder flow dynamics in manufacturing processes. The velocity and density variations of falling powder streams in a vertical tube were non-invasively measured, using a 340-GHz radar instrument with a deep penetration depth through the powder flow and a sample volume resolution in the order of a few cubic centimeters. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the THz-FD technique and terahertz FMCW radar are highly promising as non-invasive process analytical tools for real-time quality monitoring of pharmaceutical powders and tablets

Empirical exploration of air traffic and human dynamics in terminal airspaces

Air traffic is widely known as a complex, task-critical techno-social system, with numerous interactions between airspace, procedures, aircraft and air traffic controllers. In order to develop and deploy high-level operational concepts and automation systems scientifically and effectively, it is essential to conduct an in-depth investigation on the intrinsic traffic-human dynamics and characteristics, which is not widely seen in the literature. To fill this gap, we propose a multi-layer network to model and analyze air traffic systems. A Route-based Airspace Network (RAN) and Flight Trajectory Network (FTN) encapsulate critical physical and operational characteristics; an Integrated Flow-Driven Network (IFDN) and Interrelated Conflict-Communication Network (ICCN) are formulated to represent air traffic flow transmissions and intervention from air traffic controllers, respectively. Furthermore, a set of analytical metrics including network variables, complex network attributes, controllers' cognitive complexity, and chaotic metrics are introduced and applied in a case study of Guangzhou terminal airspace. Empirical results show the existence of fundamental diagram and macroscopic fundamental diagram at the route, sector and terminal levels. Moreover, the dynamics and underlying mechanisms of "ATCOs-flow" interactions are revealed and interpreted by adaptive meta-cognition strategies based on network analysis of the ICCN. Finally, at the system level, chaos is identified in conflict system and human behavioral system when traffic switch to the semi-stable or congested phase. This study offers analytical tools for understanding the complex human-flow interactions at potentially a broad range of air traffic systems, and underpins future developments and automation of intelligent air traffic management systems.Comment: 30 pages, 28 figures, currently under revie