The Hydrodynamic Characteristics Induced by Multiple Layouts of Typical Artificial M-Type Reefs with Sea Currents Typical of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea

Artificial reefs are effective measures to improve the marine ecological environment and increase fishery production. However, there are several geometries being investigated nowadays and their setup, including the spacing between groups of them, can provide dissimilar effects on hydrodynamics. To enhance the understanding of this topic, in this paper, the focus is mainly on M-Type artificial reefs that will be adopted in Juehua Island, Liaodong Bay, China. An experimental campaign was carried out in order to simulate the influence that M-Type unit reef groups may have on the local flow field and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been implemented to provide velocity maps. The results showed that with the increase of velocity’s current approaching the artificial reef, the height, length and area of the upwelling and the back vortex rise with the increase of spacing between the artificial reefs. Furthermore, when comparing different geometrical configurations with similar currents approaching the artificial reef, the maximum values of both upwelling and back vortex were obtained when the spacing between unit reefs was 1.25 L. Finally, the entropy method was used to evaluate the effects on the flow field under four kinds of spacing based on the hydrodynamic characteristics and the economic cost. The comprehensive score obtained for all the configurations followed the order 1.25 L > 1.50 L > 0.75 L > 1.00 L. Therefore, it is suggested that the original design spacing should be increased by 25% when the M-type unit reef is put into practice. Additionally, after having completed a comparative analysis, it is recommended to further change the reef group into four reef monocases. By executing this adjustment, the unit reef cost was reduced by 10%, and the influence range on the flow field increased by 10%, and this result can consequently achieve greater ecological benefits with less economic input. The results of this study provide a preliminary reference for the construction of artificial reefs M-Type from the perspective of theory and practice

High-Speed Spindle Fault Diagnosis with the Empirical Mode Decomposition and Multiscale Entropy Method

The root mean square (RMS) value of a vibration signal is an important indicator used to represent the amplitude of vibrations in evaluating the quality of high-speed spindles. However, RMS is unable to detect a number of common fault characteristics that occur prior to bearing failure. Extending the operational life and quality of spindles requires reliable fault diagnosis techniques for the analysis of vibration signals from three axes. This study used empirical mode decomposition to decompose signals into intrinsic mode functions containing a zero-crossing rate and energy to represent the characteristics of rotating elements. The MSE curve was then used to identify a number of characteristic defects. The purpose of this research was to obtain vibration signals along three axes with the aim of extending the operational life of devices included in the product line of an actual spindle manufacturing company

High-Speed Spindle Fault Diagnosis with the Empirical Mode Decomposition and Multiscale Entropy Method

The root mean square (RMS) value of a vibration signal is an important indicator used to represent the amplitude of vibrations in evaluating the quality of high-speed spindles. However, RMS is unable to detect a number of common fault characteristics that occur prior to bearing failure. Extending the operational life and quality of spindles requires reliable fault diagnosis techniques for the analysis of vibration signals from three axes. This study used empirical mode decomposition to decompose signals into intrinsic mode functions containing a zero-crossing rate and energy to represent the characteristics of rotating elements. The MSE curve was then used to identify a number of characteristic defects. The purpose of this research was to obtain vibration signals along three axes with the aim of extending the operational life of devices included in the product line of an actual spindle manufacturing company