21,658 research outputs found
The development of a resource-efficient photovoltaic system
This paper presents the measures taken in the demonstration of the photovoltaic case study developed within the European project ‘Towards zero waste in industrial networks’ (Zerowin), integrating the D4R (Design for recycling, repair, refurbishment and reuse) criteria at both system and industrial network level. The demonstration is divided into three phases. The first phase concerns the development of a D4R photovoltaic concept, the second phase focused on the development of a specific component of photovoltaic systems and the third phase was the demonstration of the D4R design in two complete photovoltaic systems (grid-connected and stand-alone). This paper includes a description of the installed photovoltaic systems, including a brief summary at component level of the lithium ion battery system and the D4R power conditioning system developed for the pilot installations. Additionally, industrial symbioses within the network associated with the photovoltaic systems and the production model for the network are described
The maximum theoretical performance of unconcentrated solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator systems
The maximum efficiency for photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator
(TEG) systems without concentration is investigated. Both a combined system
where the TEG is mounted directly on the back of the PV and a tandem system
where the incoming sunlight is split, and the short wavelength radiation is
sent to the PV and the long wavelength to the TEG, are considered. An
analytical model based on the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit for PVs and
the TEG figure of merit parameter is presented. It is shown that for
non-concentrated sunlight, even if the TEG operates at the Carnot efficiency
and the PV performance is assumed independent of temperature, the maximum
increase in efficiency is 4.5 percentage points (pp.) for the combined case and
1.8 pp. for the tandem case compared to a stand alone PV. For a more realistic
case with a temperature dependent PV and a realistic TEG, the gain in
performance is much lower. For the combined PV and TEG system it is shown that
a minimum value is needed in order for the system to be more efficient
than a stand alone PV system.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Analysis of the economic feasibility and reduction of a building’s energy consumption and emissions when integrating hybrid solar thermal/PV/micro-CHP systems
The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of several designs of hybrid systems composed of solar thermal collectors, photovoltaic panels and natural gas internal combustion engines. The software TRNSYS 17 has been used to perform all the calculations and data processing, as well as an optimisation of the tank volumes through an add-in coupled with the GENOPT® software. The study is carried out by analysing the behaviour of the designed systems and the conventional case in five different locations of Spain with diverse climatic characteristics, evaluating the same building in all cases. Regulators, manufacturers and energy service engineers are the most interested in these results.
Two major contributions in this paper are the calculations of primary energy consumption and emissions and the inclusion of a Life Cycle Cost analysis. A table which shows the order of preference regarding those criteria for each considered case study is also included. This was fulfilled in the interest of comparing between the different configurations and climatic zones so as to obtain conclusions on each of them. The study also illustrates a sensibility analysis regarding energy prices. Finally, the exhaustive literature review, the novel electricity consumption profile of the building and the illustration of the influence of the cogeneration engine working hours are also valuable outputs of this paper, developed in order to address the knowledge gap and the ongoing challenges in the field of distributed generation
Techno-economic assessment of photovoltaicdiesel generator-battery energy system for base transceiver stations loads in Nigeria
There are over 50,000 telecommunication base transceiver stations (BTS) operating on conventional diesel generators across Nigeria, giving rise to a high
operational cost and emission of Greenhouse gases which can be minimized by the adoption of greener energy generation. Presented in this study, is an analysis of the techno-economic and emission impact of a stand-alone hybrid energy system designed for base transceiver stations (BTS) in the Nigerian telecom industry. Using
various performance criteria the feasibility of adopting hybrid photovoltaic-diesel
generator and battery (PV/DG/Battery) system is analyzed under two different diesel pump price regimes. In all, it is observed that all BTS locations across the six geopolitical zones could adopt PV/battery/DG hybrid renewable energy system in place of the diesel generator (DG) which is, presently, the main technology being used across the BTSs. Besides its economic advantages over the diesel generator, HRES configurations also performed better with respect to diesel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission
A technical, economic, and greenhouse gas emission analysis of a homestead-scale grid-connected and stand-alone photovoltaic and diesel systems, against electricity network extension
This research compares two generation components in grid-connected and stand-alone power supply (SPS) systems (6 kWp solar photovoltaic array, and a 6 kWp diesel generator), separately supplying a homestead's electricity load (12 kWh day-1 average, 10 kWp), against a 2 km underground electricity distribution line extension. The technical simulation intervals (15 min) included realistic peak demand and generation component outputs, based on actual load data collected from an existing homestead and local meteorological data in the southwest of Western Australia. The separate emission and economic calculations incorporated technical simulation data, were based on emission factors for the region, used 2010 market prices for capital and operational costs, all projected over 15 years. The economic model included an 8% real discount rate, and several assumptions customised for each scenario. The results suggest small-scale distributed electricity generation systems are currently unattractive economically when compared to medium distance network extension, and increased the cost of electricity for private individuals (or governments if subsidised) with small mitigation benefits. The scenario results and discussions illuminate the specific economic barriers for small-scale photovoltaic components in both stand-alone and grid-connected systems in areas proximal to electricity distribution networks in regional Western Australia
Financial Analysis of a Grid-connected Photovoltaic System in South Florida
In this paper the performance and financial analysis of a grid-connected
photovoltaic system installed at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) is
evaluated. The power plant has the capacity of 14.8 kW and has been under
operation since August 2014. This solar PV system is composed of two 7.4 kW
sub-arrays, one fixed and one with single axis tracking. First, an overview of
the system followed by local weather characteristics in Boca Raton, Florida is
presented. In addition, monthly averaged daily solar radiation in Boca Raton as
well as system AC are calculated utilizing the PVwatts simulation calculator.
Inputs such as module and inverter specifications are applied to the System
Advisor Model (SAM) to design and optimize the system. Finally, the estimated
local load demand as well as simulation results are extracted and analyzed.Comment: 6 Pages, IEEE PVSC 2017 Conference, Washington D.
Experimental tests to recover the photovoltaic power by battery system
The uncertainty and variability of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants within the power grid is an open issue. The
present study focuses on the use of batteries to overcome the limitations associated with the photovoltaic inverter operation,
trying to maximize the global energy produced. A set of switches, was placed between a few photovoltaic modules and a
commercial inverter, capable to change configuration of the plant dynamically. Such system stores the power that the inverter is
not able to let into the grid inside batteries. At the base of this optimization, there is the achievement of two main configurations
in which the batteries and the photovoltaic modules are electrically connected in an appropriate manner as a function of inverter
efficiency and thus solar radiation. A control board and the relative program, to change the configuration, was designed and
implemented, based on the value of the measured radiation, current, batteries voltage, and calculated inverter efficiency. Finally
from the cost and impact analysis we can say that, today the technology of lithium batteries, for this application, is still too
expensive in comparison with lead-acid batteries
An Economic, Energy, and Environmental Analysis of PV/Micro-CHP Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of a Tertiary Building
Our present standard of living depends strongly on energy sources, with buildings being
a primary focus when it comes to reducing energy consumption due to their large contribution,
especially in tertiary buildings. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the performance
of two different designs of hybrid systems, composed of natural gas engines and photovoltaic
panels. This will be done through simulations in TRNSYS, considering a representative office
building with various schedules of operation (8, 12, and 24 h), as well as different climates in
Spain. The main contributions of this paper are the evaluations of primary energy-consumption,
emissions, and economic analyses for each scenario. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out
to observe the influence of energy prices, as well as that of the costs of the micro-CHP engines and
PV modules. The results show that the scenario with the conventional system and PV modules is
the most profitable one currently. However, if electricity prices are increased in the future or natural
gas prices are reduced, the scenario with micro-CHP engines and PV modules will become the most
profitable option. Energy service engineers, regulators, and manufacturers are the most interested in
these results
Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Cell for the Generation of Electricity in UAE
This paper proposes the implementation of a circuit based simulation for a
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cell in order to get the maximum power output. The
model is established based on the mathematical model of the PV module. As the
PV cell is used to determine the physical and electrical behavior of the cell
corresponding to environmental factors such as temperature and solar
irradiance, this paper evaluates thirty years solar irradiation data in United
Arab Emirates (UAE), also analyzes the performance parameters of PV cell for
several locations. Based on the Shockley diode equation, a solar PV module is
presented. However, to analyze the performance parameters, Solarex MSX 120, a
typical 120W module is selected. The mathematical model for the chosen module
is executed in Matlab. The consequence of this paper reflects the effects of
variation of solar irradiation on PV cell within UAE. Conclusively, this paper
determines the convenient places for implementing the large scale solar PV
modules within UAE.Comment: To be published in 5th International Conference on Advances in
Electrical Engineering (ICAEE-2019
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