164 research outputs found
HEER: Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of numerous sensors which send sensed
data to base station. Energy conservation is an important issue for sensor
nodes as they have limited power.Many routing protocols have been proposed
earlier for energy efficiency of both homogeneous and heterogeneous
environments. We can prolong our stability and network lifetime by reducing our
energy consumption. In this research paper, we propose a protocol designed for
the characteristics of a reactive homogeneous WSNs, HEER (Hybrid Energy
Efficient Reactive) protocol. In HEER, Cluster Head(CH) selection is based on
the ratio of residual energy of node and average energy of network. Moreover,
to conserve more energy, we introduce Hard Threshold (HT) and Soft Threshold
(ST). Finally, simulations show that our protocol has not only prolonged the
network lifetime but also significantly increased stability period.Comment: 2nd IEEE Saudi International Electronics, Communications and
Photonics Conference (SIECPC 13), 2013, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi
M-GEAR: Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for WSNs
In this research work, we advise gateway based energy-efficient routing
protocol (M-GEAR) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We divide the sensor
nodes into four logical regions on the basis of their location in the sensing
field. We install Base Station (BS) out of the sensing area and a gateway node
at the centre of the sensing area. If the distance of a sensor node from BS or
gateway is less than predefined distance threshold, the node uses direct
communication. We divide the rest of nodes into two equal regions whose
distance is beyond the threshold distance. We select cluster heads (CHs)in each
region which are independent of the other region. These CHs are selected on the
basis of a probability. We compare performance of our protocol with LEACH (Low
Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy). Performance analysis and compared
statistic results show that our proposed protocol perform well in terms of
energy consumption and network lifetime.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for deterministic node deployment in wireless sensor networks
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small sensor devices, which are connected wirelessly for sensing and delivering specific data to Base Station (BS). Routing protocols in WSN becomes an active area for both researchers and industrial, due to its responsibility for
delivering data, extending network lifetime, reducing the delay and saving the nodeās
energy. According to hierarchical approach, chain base routing protocol is a promising type
that can prolong the network lifetime and decrease the energy consumption. However, it is
still suffering from long/single chain impacts such as delay, data redundancy, distance
between the neighbors, chain head (CH) energy consumption and bottleneck. This research
proposes a Deterministic Chain-Based Routing Protocol (DCBRP) for uniform nodes deployment, which consists of Backbone Construction Mechanism (BCM), Chain Heads Selection mechanism (CHS) and Next Hop Connection mechanism (NHC). BCM is responsible for chain construction by using multi chain concept, so it will divide the network to specific number of clusters depending on the number of columns. While, CHS is
answerable on the number of chain heads and CH nodes selection based on their ability for
data delivery. On the other hand, NHC is responsible for next hop connection in each row
based on the energy and distance between the nodes to eliminate the weak nodes to be in the
main chain. Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) is used to simulate DCBRP and it is evaluated with
the closest routing protocols in the deterministic deployment in WSN, which are Chain-Cluster Mixed protocol (CCM) and Two Stage Chain based Protocol (TSCP). The results
show that DCBRP outperforms CCM and TSCP in terms of end to end delay, CH energy consumption, overall energy consumption, network lifetime and energy*delay metrics. DCBRP or one of its mechanisms helps WSN applications by extending the sensor nodes lifetime and saving the energy for sensing purposes as long as possible
Zone-Based Energy Aware Data Collection Protocol for WSNs
In this paper we propose the Zone-based Energy Aware data coLlection (ZEAL) protocol. ZEAL is designed to be used in agricultural applications for wireless sensor networks. In these type of applications, all data is often routed to a single point (named āsinkā in sensor networks). The overuse of the same routes quickly depletes the energy of the nodes closer to the sink. In order to minimize this problem, ZEAL automatically creates zones (groups of nodes) independent from each other based on the trajectory of one or more mobile sinks. In this approach the sinks collects data queued in sub-sinks in each zone. Unlike existing protocols, ZEAL accomplish its routing tasks without using GPS modules for location awareness or synchronization mechanisms. Additionally, ZEAL provides an energy saving mechanism on the network layer that puts zones to sleep when there are no mobile sinks nearby. To evaluate ZEAL, it is compared with the Maximum Amount Shortest Path (MASP) protocol. Our simulations using the ns-3 network simulator show that ZEAL is able to collect a larger number of packets with significantly less energy in the same amount of time
A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot
The paper provides insight into various swarm intelligence based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of Internet of Things. These include the reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity etc. The MANETs and WSNs routing issues impose almost same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of the worldwide researchers is focused on this area. protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. The swarm intelligence is applied to achieve the optimality and the efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ACO technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues. Using the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that, the protocolsā efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT. As the various standard protocols available for MANETs and WSNs are not reliable enough, the paper finds the need of some efficient routing algorithms for IoT
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