An Empirical Analysis of Development Processes for Anticipatory Standards

There is an evolution in the process used by standards-development organizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standards development activity (SDA) for information and communications technology (ICT). The process is progressing from traditional SDA modes, typically involving the selection from many candidate, existing alternative components, into the crafting of standards that include a substantial design component (SSDC), or 'anticipatory' standards. SSDC require increasingly important roles from organizational players as well as SDOs. Few theoretical frameworks exist to understand these emerging processes. This project conducted archival analysis of SDO documents for a selected subset of web-services (WS) standards taken from publicly available sources including minutes of meetings, proposals, drafts and recommendations. This working paper provides a deeper understanding of SDAs, the roles played by different organizational participants and the compliance with SDO due process requirements emerging from public policy constraints, recent legislation and standards accreditation requirements. This research is influenced by a recent theoretical framework that suggests viewing the new standards-setting processes as a complex interplay among three forces: sense-making, design, and negotiation (DSN). The DSN model provides the framework for measuring SDO progress and therefore understanding future generations of standards development processes. The empirically grounded results are useful foundation for other SDO modeling efforts

A Conceptual Framework for Analysis of System Safety Interoperability of United States Navy\u27s Combat Systems

Today\u27s political and military reality requires the optimal use of our legacy systems. The objective is to maximize the effectiveness of our operations by efficient allocation, placement and the use of our forces and war-fighting systems. The synergism drawn from the capabilities of the legacy complex systems enables today\u27s war-fighting needs to be met without substantial increase in cost or resources. This synergism can be realized by the effective integration and interoperation of legacy systems into a larger, more complex system of systems. However, the independently developed legacy systems in this new tactical environment often have different data types, languages, data modeling, operating systems, etc. These differences are impediments to the requirement for interoperability, and can create an environment of confusion, misinformation and certainly un-interoperability, hence hinder the safe interoperation of the metasystem and potentially increase the risk for mishaps. Safe interoperability capability assures that the mission objectives are achieved not only effectively but also safely. The System Safety Interoperability Framework (SSIF) introduced in this dissertation provides the framework for the engineering community to evaluate, from system safety perspective, the interoperability issues between multiple complex systems in the U.S. Navy\u27s system of systems context. SSIF characterization attributes are System of Systems (SoS) tactical environment, SoS Engineering, SoS Safety Engineering, and Safety Critical Data. SSIF is applied to AEGIS Ballistic Missile Defense 3.0 Program to explore and analyze the safety interoperability issues in the overall system, by which the SSIF is further validated as an effective approach in analyzing the safe interoperability capability in Navy\u27s combat systems

IoT Standardization: The Road Ahead

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging area of the modern technology which impacts use cases across governance, education, business, manufacturing, entertainment, transportation, infrastructures, health care, and so on. Creating a generalized framework for the IoT with heterogeneous devices and technology support requires interoperability across products, applications, and services that preclude vendor lock-in. Global standardization of the IoT is the only solution to this. Though standardization efforts in the IoT are not new with many national and international standard bodies working today, there are many open areas to debate and standardize—like reconciling country-specific efforts, empowering local solutions, etc. This chapter brings a holistic view of the existing IoT standards, discusses their interlinking, and enumerates the pain points with possible solutions. It also explains the need for country-specific standardization with the example of an Indian Standard Development Organization (SDO), vis-à-vis global initiatives, as a driver for societal uplifting and economic growth

Smart Grid Interoperability Maturity Model Beta Version

The GridWise Architecture Council was formed by the U.S. Department of Energy to promote and enable interoperability among the many entities that interact with the electric power system. This balanced team of industry representatives proposes principles for the development of interoperability concepts and standards. The Council provides industry guidance and tools that make it an available resource for smart grid implementations. In the spirit of advancing interoperability of an ecosystem of smart grid devices and systems, this document presents a model for evaluating the maturity of the artifacts and processes that specify the agreement of parties to collaborate across an information exchange interface. You are expected to have a solid understanding of large, complex system integration concepts and experience in dealing with software component interoperation. Those without this technical background should read the Executive Summary for a description of the purpose and contents of the document. Other documents, such as checklists, guides, and whitepapers, exist for targeted purposes and audiences. Please see the www.gridwiseac.org website for more products of the Council that may be of interest to you

Metrology best practice manuals

The outputs of workshops: genomic observatories (Ribocon and AWI), nutrients and oxygen sensor observations (Ifremer), carbonate chemistry sensors measurements (IO PAN) and trace elements measurements (UOP) will be turned into best practice manuals for free on-line dissemination

Ensuring Interoperable Digital Object Management Metadata in Scotland : Report of the SLIC-funded CMS Metadata Interoperability Project : Findings, Conclusions, and Guidelines for Best Practice

As in other parts of the developed world, digital resources are being created in ever increasing numbers by a growing range of archives, libraries, museums, and other organisations in the Scottish Common Information Environment (SCIE). Interoperability in respect of the often complex metadata required to manage digital materials is a prerequisite of providing seamless and long-term access to distributed resources for users, optimising resource re-usability, and maximising value from scarce funding and staffing resources. Recognising this, SLIC4 funded the CMS Metadata Interoperability Project5 to survey the Scottish scene, research and analyse the issues, identify a 'safe path' towards ensuring interoperability in the area, and formulate guidelines for best practice as a basis for implementing it. This report summarises the results of the study under four headings: 1. Study Findings and Conclusions. 2. Guidelines for Best Practice: National SCIE-wide Actions. 3. Guidelines for Best Practice: Institution or Sub-SCIE Group Actions. 4. Appendices (including lists of participants and references, and a glossary). The study concludes that a prescriptive approach to ensuring interoperability of digital object metadata in the SCIE is both difficult and inadvisable and proposes instead: 1. The development of an informed 'interoperability consciousness' in key staff as the best route forward, with the guidelines provided in the body of the report, the associated support website, the OSIAF6 infrastructure, and relevant training programmes, as key mechanisms. 2. Strengthening this through the publication and dissemination of a series of advisory notes on a range of key interoperability issues. These would be indicative rather than prescriptive, but would have the authority of the OSIAF-backed Cultural Technical Group (CTG)7 behind them. It also proposes the creation of a Scottish Metadata Registry as a tool to encourage, enhance, and support interoperability in this important area