Time Evolution of Hadronization and Grey Tracks in DIS off Nuclei

The analysis of the grey tracks produced in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) off nuclei provides important information on the space-time development of hadronization in nuclear medium. This method is complementary to the measurement of nuclear attenuation of leading inclusive hadrons. While the latter is focused on the hadronization dynamics for the quite rare process of leading hadrons production, the former covers the main bulk of inelastic events, and its Q^2 dependence is a very sensitive tool to discriminate between different models of hadronization. Employing the model of perturbative hadronization developed earlier, we calculate the Q^2 and x_{Bj} dependences of the number of collisions and relate it to the mean number of grey tracks, using an empirical relation obtained from the analysis of data from the Fermilab E665 experiment on DIS of muons off the Xe nucleus. We found the number of grey tracks to rise steeply with Q^2 in good agreement with the experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Grey seal tracking reveals different behaviours of resident and transient population components

Grey seals recently recolonised the Dutch coasts. The exponential population growth is fuelled by immigrating grey seals from the UK, who subsequently breed in the Netherlands. In addition, population survey data suggested that a number of grey seals use the Dutch area to forage, but return to the UK to breed. Although such population surveys can provide insight into discrepancies and regional imbalances in the number of seals observed on land, the data are insufficient to measure the actual underlying migration processes. Using an extensive data set on individually tracked grey seals, we study the movement of grey seals in relation to where they forage and breed. The tracked seals of different age and sex classes were recognised to be either resident or transient based on where they went during and outside the breeding season. The grey seals breeding in the Netherlands also only haul-out in the Netherlands throughout the period between the moult and next breeding season. Only animals that bred elsewhere (respectively 50% of the adult females and 67% of the adult males tracked in this study) visited regions other than Dutch waters during the rest of the year. Some however, remained in Dutch waters continuously between the breeding trips to other countries. The tracking data suggest a higher number of grey seals might be visiting the Dutch waters than was estimated in a population analysis based on aerial surveys. These results might also have consequences for the population modelling used to estimate the grey seal population size in the UK. As eastern Atlantic grey seals in the North Sea are a mixed meta-population, coordinated, international collaborations are needed to assess their status and trends. Since transient seals might be driven by intraspecific competition, ecological studies on for example, the role of grey seals as a top predator, need to consider the entire North Sea grey seal population

Seeing the wood for the trees. Carer related research and knowledge: A scoping review

This NIHR-SSCR funded scoping review provides a comprehensive mapping of what is known about carers and caring, and aims to help inform policy, practice and research in relation to carers. The review was undertaken by searching 10 electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented by additional web searches to identify academic research, grey literature and wider knowledge. The analysis adopts a selective thematic approach covering: carer variables - the characteristics of different types of carer and different caring situations; types of care - the nature of needs of the cared for person and the features of the care situation; the impact of caring – resilience and coping, employment and health; and carer support and needs assessment. The final section highlights key messages identified from the review. It found that caring involves all sections and age groups of the population, with people are likely to experience one or more periods of caregiving over their lifetime. The uniqueness of each caring relationship is also highlighted. In relation to types of carers, knowledge about ‘hard to reach’ groups, such as BAME and LGBT carers, remains sparse. Older carers are also relatively invisible in policy and research terms. It found that much of the knowledge about carers identified in the review relates to their characteristics, their lived experience and the nature of their caregiving, with relatively less being known about the effectiveness of interventions to support them. The report concludes by offering suggestions for policy and practice. An appendix provides a bibliography of the 3,434 items identified in review, classified into 17 types of reference

Multiscaling properties on sequences of turbulent plumes images

A multifractal analysis on a finite-range-scale of the plume concentration images at different experimental conditions (the height of the source Ho), where the measure is the grey value of the image (from 0 to 255), was applied to study its structure through time. The multifractal spectrum showed the characteristic inverse U-shape and a similar evolution in all Ho. The variation of the Hölder exponent (¿a) presented different amplitudes at different moments and increased with time. The symmetry of the spectrum (¿f) decreased with time achieving negative values (from left hand asymmetry evolving to right asymmetry). We show the different behaviour of axial velocity (W) with ¿a and ¿f. There is a linear relation of entrainment coefficient (ae) and the entropy dimension (a1). Therefore, the multifractal spectrum and the derived parameters can be used as markers of plume evolution as well as to study the effect of experimental conditions.Postprint (published version

Grey water phytodepuration systems integrated in flat green roofs

The research about new grey water reuse systems can not only help to reduce the volume of drinkable water applied in domestic uses, besides allows to diminish the urban wastewater volume to be treated. Because of that, the proposal aims the adjustment of green roof surfaces to new uses, in relation with grey water phytodepuration systems. The main problems of traditional reed bed systems are their large dimensions, their high weight and the roots growth in the substrate subsurface. The developed system optimizes the traditional treatments with the design of industrialized channels, improving the contact between bacteria-roots and water. This optimization allows to reduce the treatment surface needed. The analysis of the most suitable species and their roots length, facilitates to diminish the channels depth; and for this reason the system is much lighter than the traditional ones. Moreover, the use of floating systems, reduce the common roots problems and diminish the maintenance requirements. Also, grey water phytodepuration systems integrated in flat green roofs, contribute not only to develop the hygrothermal benefits of green roofs, but allow to incorporate low energy water treatment systems in buildings, and to reuse it by flushing toilets and irrigation, with drinkable water saving of more than 40%

The VLA-COSMOS Perspective on the IR-Radio Relation. I. New Constraints on Selection Biases and the Non-Evolution of the IR/Radio Properties of Star Forming and AGN Galaxies at Intermediate and High Redshift

VLA 1.4 GHz (rms noise ~0.012 mJy) and MIPS 24 and 70 micron (rms noise ~0.02 and ~1.7 mJy, respectively) observations covering the 2 square degree COSMOS field are combined with an extensive multi-wavelength data set to study the evolution of the IR-radio relation at intermediate and high redshift. With ~4500 sources -- of which ~30% have spectroscopic redshifts -- the current sample is significantly larger than previous ones used for the same purpose. Both monochromatic IR/radio flux ratios (q24 & q70), as well as the ratio of the total IR and the 1.4 GHz luminosity (qTIR) are used as indicators for the IR/radio properties of star forming galaxies and AGN. Using a sample jointly selected at IR and radio wavelengths in order to reduce selection biases, we provide firm support for previous findings that the IR-radio relation remains unchanged out to at least z~1.4. Moreover, based on data from ~150 objects we also find that the local relation likely still holds at 2.5<z<5. At redshift z<1.4 we observe that radio-quiet AGN populate the locus of the IR-radio relation in similar numbers as star forming sources. In our analysis we employ the methods of survival analysis in order to ensure a statistically sound treatment of flux limits arising from non-detections. We determine the observed shift in average IR/radio properties of IR- and radio- selected populations and show that it can reconcile apparently discrepant measurements presented in the literature. Finally, we also investigate variations of the IR/radio ratio with IR and radio luminosity and find that it hardly varies with IR luminosity but is a decreasing function of radio luminosity.Comment: 52 pages, 23 figures (11 at reduced resolution). Accepted for publication in ApJ

Cosmological implications of Bumblebee vector models

The Bumblebee Model of spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking is explored in a cosmological context, considering a single non-zero time component for the vector field. The relevant dynamic equations for the evolution of the Universe are derived and its properties and physical significance studied. We conclude that a late-time de Sitter expansion of the Universe can be replicated, and attempt to constrain the parameter of the potential driving the spontaneous symmetry breaking.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in PR